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Iran Conflict 2026
15JUN

Azizi names Hormuz toll regime on X

4 min read
11:40UTC

Ebrahim Azizi, who chairs Iran's parliamentary security committee, posted on Saturday that Iran has a 'professional mechanism' for Hormuz traffic with fees on cooperating vessels and Project Freedom barred from the route.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Iran's parliament endorsed a Hormuz toll mechanism contradicting the UNCLOS Article 38 transit-passage framework.

Ebrahim Azizi, chairman of Iran's Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee, posted on X on Saturday 16 May that Tehran has "prepared a professional mechanism" to manage Strait of Hormuz traffic along a designated route, with "necessary fees" collected from cooperating vessels and operators of "the so-called freedom project" expressly barred. The chairman attached no fee schedule, no unveiling date and no parliamentary vote⁠1. The Majlis is Iran's 290-seat parliament; its National Security Committee is the legislative branch's apex voice on military and foreign policy, and Azizi has chaired it since 2024.

The political claim arrives on top of operational machinery that has been live since early May. The Persian Gulf Strait Authority (PGSA) opened registration at info@pgsa.ir on 6 May and Lloyd's List documented vessels paying up to $2 million per voyage in Chinese yuan. The Iranian Supreme National Security Council finalised the underlying Hormuz security plan and barred US weapons from transit on 13 May, so Azizi's post extends an already-running architecture into a published political claim with a named exclusion class.

That exclusion class is the legal flashpoint. Project Freedom, the US operational umbrella Donald Trump announced on Truth Social before pausing in early May, is precisely the kind of military mission Article 38 of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea treats as guaranteed transit passage for all flags. By naming a sovereign exclusion list in writing, Azizi puts the Majlis directly across from the 26-nation Hormuz coalition signed in Bahrain and Qatar on 12 May, whose mandate is built on that same Article 38 guarantee. Four separate Iranian institutions, the SNSC, the IRGC, the PGSA and now the Majlis security committee, are converging on a single Hormuz posture: selective accommodation policed by guided coordination through declared minefields.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Iran's parliament has a committee that oversees national security. Its chairman, Ebrahim Azizi, posted on social media on 16 May that Iran has set up a formal system to charge ships a fee to pass through the strait of Hormuz, a narrow waterway where roughly 20% of the world's oil travels. Ships linked to a US military operation called Project Freedom are explicitly banned from using the route. This is the first time Iran's parliament has formally backed what the country's military has been doing operationally since early May: collecting fees from ships that want to pass. The legal problem is that a 1982 international treaty guarantees all ships the right to pass through straits like Hormuz without paying a toll. Iran never signed that treaty.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

Iran never ratified the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which means UNCLOS Article 38's transit-passage guarantee has no binding force in Iranian domestic law. Tehran's 2024 update to its maritime jurisdiction statutes, carried through the Majlis security committee Azizi chairs, inserted the category 'hostile-linked vessels' into Iranian law, broad enough to cover any flag state that has sanctioned Iran or joined a named coalition against it.

The PGSA's creation on 5 May preceded the Azizi post by eleven days: the parliamentary statement follows operational fact, not the other way around. The Majlis is providing retroactive legislative authority for an architecture the IRGC deployed before parliament voted. This sequencing, operational first, legislative second, is a structural feature of how Iran's dual-track state functions under war conditions.

Escalation

The parliamentary endorsement closes the gap between operational and legislative legitimacy on the Iranian side, making the PGSA toll mechanism harder to walk back in any negotiated settlement without a specific Majlis vote to repeal it. Four Iranian institutions, SNSC, IRGC, PGSA, and now the Majlis security committee, are now all on record supporting the same Hormuz posture.

What could happen next?
  • Precedent

    Parliamentary endorsement of a named exclusion class for a sovereign transit mechanism sets a legal template other states could reference when asserting chokepoint jurisdiction.

    Medium term · Medium
  • Risk

    The Majlis record makes the toll mechanism a legislative commitment, requiring a floor vote to reverse, which adds institutional friction to any ceasefire deal that includes Hormuz normalisation.

    Short term · High
  • Consequence

    Vessels operating under insurance from Lloyd's P&I clubs face cover withdrawal if their operators are classified as 'Project Freedom'-adjacent under the Azizi exclusion language.

    Immediate · Medium
First Reported In

Update #100 · Tehran prints the toll book; Delhi joins the queue

Investing.com· 17 May 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
United States (Joint Maritime Information Center)
United States (Joint Maritime Information Center)
The JMIC, the US-led naval reporting cell, rated the Hormuz threat "severe" in its 25 October advisory, as reported by gCaptain, and warned of possible renewed mining. Eight days earlier it found no substantiation for the Guards' mine claims, while US-facilitated transits ran at about 34 a day.
United Kingdom (CPS and Counter Terrorism Policing)
United Kingdom (CPS and Counter Terrorism Policing)
The CPS charged two men under the National Security Act 2023 over the RAF Fairford incident, and Counter Terrorism Policing said it believes the foreign intelligence service involved is Iran's, LBC reported. The case now runs through the courts; both men are charged, not convicted.
Aden and Yemen's recognised government
Aden and Yemen's recognised government
The Houthis told people to leave Aden airport, in the government-held south, before a missile fell there on 28 October, AFP reported, and police reported a second attack that afternoon. The fight between Riyadh and the Houthis is landing on the south's main civilian airport.
Qatar (mediators)
Qatar (mediators)
Qatar-led mediators put new terms to Iran this week, which an Iranian official called "ideas, not a proposal". Riyadh framed the Tehran meeting as support for Qatari and Pakistani mediation, keeping Doha at the centre of the indirect channel.
Korea Shipowners' Association
Korea Shipowners' Association
The association said the ships Iran listed were sub-chartered to an overseas oil company, not owned by Sinokor, carried no South Korean crew, and that Sinokor was unaware of the warning. South Korea's shipowners are contesting whose vessels the notice covers before it takes effect.
Kuwait (foreign ministry)
Kuwait (foreign ministry)
Kuwait summoned Iran's ambassador, Mohammad Toutounji, and handed him a protest note over the embassy's denial that its citizen took part in the alleged plot against Interior Minister Fahad Al-Yousef. Kuwait is answering through its courts and a diplomatic protest, citing international law and the UN Charter.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.