Primary parallel: The 1988 Geneva Accords on Afghanistan, cited by Pakistani officials as the format precedent for Islamabad, were themselves the product of six years of proximity talks between Afghan and Pakistani delegations who never met face to face. UN diplomat Diego Cordovez shuttled messages between hotel rooms in Geneva from 1982 to 1988. The final accords produced a Soviet withdrawal timetable but did not end the civil war; the Afghan conflict continued for another decade, producing the Taliban and the conditions for 9/11. Proximity formats are designed to preserve deniability for all sides and survive repeated breakdowns, not to produce comprehensive settlements.
Counter-parallel: The 1953 Korean Armistice talks at Panmunjom also ran for two years in a quasi-proximity format, but produced a durable (if incomplete) cessation of hostilities that has held for more than 70 years. The difference between Geneva 1988 and Panmunjom 1953 was not format but leverage: at Panmunjom, neither side could force a conclusion, and both sides wanted out. Whether Islamabad 2026 looks more like Geneva or Panmunjom depends on whether Washington and Tehran are genuinely exhausted.