Oman

Oman joined Qatar, Egypt and Pakistan on 22 July in tabling a ten-day Ceasefire that would reopen Hormuz navigation while wider talks continued. Iran filed a rival text the same day.

By late September The Channel had narrowed to the strait. Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi met US envoys in New York on 22 September, Donald Trump rejected Iran's reopening plan four days later, and Qatar returned a written answer on 29 September. The next round goes to Oman. Muscat offers both sides what it offered before the war: a venue each is willing to use.

A US-led naval body warned on 20 June that the standard Hormuz lanes might be mined and cleared a safer route through Oman's coastal waters. Central Command counted 55 ships carrying 17 million barrels on that route the same day, which put effective control of the chokepoint's traffic inside Omani territory.

Three days later, on 23 June, Sultan Haitham bin Tariq and Araghchi signed a document in Muscat creating a joint committee with authority to set Hormuz fees. Washington rejected any toll that day. On 30 June Oman handed Washington a fee plan styled on voluntary Malacca Strait charges, and Iran's Foreign Ministry said on 10 August that transit fees were off the table.

The war at sea has moved onto Oman's doorstep. Late on 1 September projectiles hit two outbound supertankers near Khasab, in Oman's Musandam enclave, and by 3 September tankers were running a longer southern route close to the Omani coast under US guidance.

The worst of it came on 23 September, when a torpedo attack on the bulk carrier Cape Dao, some 25 nautical miles from Musandam, killed an Indian wiper, Suraj Yadav. The Royal Navy of Oman took off the survivors from a crew of 28. No party claimed the attack. Oman's coastguard had also helped survivors of a vessel hit on 18 August.