Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
Labour Party
AI-generated illustration
OrganisationGB

Labour Party

UK governing party since 2024; now led by PM Andy Burnham after Starmer's June resignation.

Labour began a fresh electoral-Reform push on 29 September after Andy Burnham became prime minister in July, while autumn council by-elections tested whether the party could recover ground from Reform UK.

Last refreshed: 7 October 2026 · Appears in 2 active topics

Key Question

Can Andy Burnham reverse Labour's slide before council losses turn into a general election rout?

Timeline for Labour Party

#18 1 Oct

Gained Hirst and Amble from Reform UK and held Claremont

UK Local Elections 2026: Labour takes Hirst and Amble from Reform
#18 29 Sept

Passed a conference motion calling for proportional representation

UK Local Elections 2026: Burnham pledges to change voting system
#4 28 Sept

Hosted the conference where Healey spoke

Is Britain Actually Broke?: Healey rules out three big tax rises
#18 22 Sept
View full timeline →

Background

Labour is the governing party of the United Kingdom, having won a Commons majority in 2024. It is a centre-left British party with roots in the trade union movement, and its parliamentary leadership rules give Labour MPs a decisive role in whether a leadership contest reaches members. In July 2026, contenders needed 81 MP nominations to force a ballot.

The party has formed governments that shaped the modern British state, including the creation of the National Health Service. Its enduring political purpose is to combine parliamentary government with a centre-left tradition and an organised relationship with trade unions.

Labour's governing capacity depends on holding together its Commons party while competing across England, Scotland and Wales. Burnham's July 2026 accession, secured through 349 MP nominations, put the parliamentary party at the centre of that task.

Key Issues
Leadership transition

Labour replaces its leader without a ballot

Keir Starmer resigned as Labour leader and prime minister on 22 June, saying he accepted the Parliamentary Labour Party's private verdict that he could not win the next election. Andy Burnham took 349 MP nominations by 13 July, FAR past the 81 needed to force a contest, so no members' ballot was held; a special conference confirmed him as leader on 17 July and he became prime minister on 20 July.

Between 20 and 23 July, Burnham named John Healey Chancellor, Ed Miliband Foreign Secretary and Angela Rayner Housing Secretary. Three senior Starmer ministers, Rachel Reeves, David Lammy and Peter Kyle, left government entirely.

Electoral recovery

Labour's recovery remains uneven

On 11 August, a YouGov poll put Labour on 24% and Reform UK on 22%, Labour's first lead over Reform in eighteen months. The result followed sharply conflicting July polling, which left the scale and durability of any Burnham effect unresolved.

On 29 September, Burnham said Labour's next manifesto would promise a new voting system and launched a National Commission on Electoral Reform without naming a chair or preferred system. The pledge places electoral Reform inside Labour's response to a fragmented party system, but it does not yet define the proposal voters would be asked to support.

Council by-elections

Labour's local base stays contested

On 20 August, Labour regained Penistone East in Barnsley from Reform UK with 1,728 votes, or 51.8%, against Reform's 795. The ward had elected three councillors together in May, so the single-seat contest is not a clean measure of swing.

The same night, Labour lost Harraby South in Cumberland to Reform by 560 votes to 469. On 1 October, in two of the autumn's first council by-elections, Labour gained the Northumberland County Council seats of Hirst and Amble from Reform, winning Amble on 38.8% of the vote.

Common Questions

Labour replaces its leader without a ballot

Who is in Andy Burnham's first cabinet?
Burnham appointed John Healey as Chancellor, Ed Miliband as Foreign Secretary and Angela Rayner as Housing Secretary between 20 and 23 July 2026, while Rachel Reeves, David Lammy and Peter Kyle left the front bench.Source: Lowdown UK Elections 2026
Who replaced Keir Starmer as Labour leader and prime minister?
Andy Burnham, WHO won the Makerfield by-election in June 2026, was confirmed Labour leader without a members' ballot on 17 July 2026 and took office as prime minister on 20 July.Source: Lowdown UK Elections 2026
Did Andy Burnham win the Makerfield by-election?
Yes. Burnham won Makerfield on 18 June 2026 with 24,927 votes (54.8%), a 9,231-vote majority over Reform UK's Rob Kenyon.Source: Lowdown uk-elections-2026 U#571
When did Keir Starmer resign as prime minister?
Keir Starmer resigned as Labour leader and prime minister on 22 June 2026, four days after Labour held the Makerfield by-election, saying he accepted the Parliamentary Labour Party's private verdict against him.Source: Lowdown uk-elections-2026 U#571

Labour's recovery remains uneven

What happened in the Gorton by-election 2026?
Labour lost the Gorton and Denton by-election to the Green Party, WHO took 40.7% of the vote. It was the first major signal that Labour's urban core is genuinely at risk from Green gains in the 2026 cycle.Source: uk-elections-2026 briefing

Labour's local base stays contested

Did Labour do better or worse in the 16 July 2026 by-elections?
Worse. Labour lost Dereham Toftwood to the Conservatives and Fletton and Woodston to The Greens, and collapsed to 5.2% in Old Catton, which the Conservatives took from Reform UK.Source: Lowdown UK Elections 2026

Reference

When was the Labour Party founded?
The Labour Party was founded in 1900 as the political voice of the British trade union movement.Source: Lowdown UK Elections 2026

Recently resolved

What happened to Labour in the 2026 local elections?
Labour suffered substantial losses in English council elections and saw Welsh Labour collapse to just 9 Senedd seats — its lowest ever in devolved politics — ending 27 years of continuous Welsh Labour government.Source: Lowdown uk-elections-2026
Why is Labour's approval rating so low in 2026?
A YouGov tracker in May 2026 placed Labour at 18% nationally with a net approval of -53%. Analysts cite a five-way squeeze from Reform, Greens, Lib Dems, Your Party, and SNP/Plaid, combined with dissatisfaction over NHS waiting times, immigration, and economic stagnation.Source: YouGov / Lowdown uk-elections-2026
What happened to Labour in the May 2026 Welsh elections?
Welsh Labour collapsed to 9 Senedd seats, down from 29, ending 27 years of continuous devolved government. First Minister Eluned Morgan lost her constituency seat, becoming the first sitting head of a UK devolved government to lose in office.Source: Lowdown UK Elections 2026
Source Material