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Belarus

Lukashenko's Belarus: Russian co-belligerent forming an airborne brigade near Gomel, 40km from Ukraine's border.

Belarus completed formation of its 37th Separate Airborne Assault Brigade near Gomel, 40km from Ukraine, commander Alexander Ilyukevich said on 2 August 2026, a build-up landing weeks after Kyiv's ultimatum forced Minsk to power down Russian drone-relay stations on its territory.

Last refreshed: 4 August 2026 · Appears in 3 active topics

Key Question

Will Ukraine strike Belarus if Lukashenko does not dismantle the relay stations?

Timeline for Belarus

#26 2 Aug

Completed forming an airborne brigade near its border with Ukraine

Russia-Ukraine War 2026: Belarus forms brigade 40km from Ukraine
#14 29 Jun
View full timeline →

Background

Belarus (population approximately 9.4 million, capital Minsk) has been ruled by Alexander Lukashenko since 1994 and has been under EU and US sanctions since the contested August 2020 election that reinstalled him, compounded by the forced diversion of a Ryanair flight in 2021 and its support for Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

Post-2020 integration with Moscow reduced Belarus's exposure to Western financial pressure and made it a viable corridor for sanctions-evasion networks, including an Iran-linked procurement network OFAC identified in an 8 May 2026 action. Its defence-industrial base retains Soviet-era capacity in electronics and optics.

Belarus functions as a Russian co-belligerent rather than a direct combatant: it has not sent its own forces into Ukraine, but its territory hosts Russian logistics and, at times, strike infrastructure, and it is now building its own airborne capability near the border, keeping Kyiv's northern flank on permanent alert regardless of whether Minsk or Moscow controls a given asset there.

Key Issues
Border build-up

It forms an airborne brigade near Ukraine

Belarus completed formation of its 37th Separate Airborne Assault Brigade near Gomel, about 40km from Ukraine's border, commander Colonel Alexander Ilyukevich confirmed on 2 August 2026, saying the plans dated back to August 2025. It is a Belarusian unit, not a Russian one, but its proximity keeps Kyiv's northern defences on alert regardless of which flag commands it.

The build-up follows Zelenskyy's 20 June ultimatum giving Belarus until 27 June to dismantle four Russian drone-relay stations on its territory or face Ukraine's first formal threat to strike a third state. The stations went dark on 22 June without Kyiv confirming whether Minsk dismantled or merely switched them off, and Putin met Lukashenko four days later to pull Belarus back toward Moscow's orbit.

Common Questions

Reference

Who is Alexander Lukashenko?
Alexander Lukashenko has been president of Belarus since 1994, making him Europe's longest-serving leader. He accepted deep integration with Russia after the contested 2020 election stripped him of Western legitimacy, aligning Belarus economically and militarily with Moscow.
Is Belarus on Thailand's visa-on-arrival list?
Yes. On 16 July 2026, Thailand placed Belarus in a new 65-country Visa-on-arrival tier as part of a restructured three-tier Visa-exemption scheme, alongside Azerbaijan and Serbia. The change awaits Royal Gazette publication.Source: nomads-and-communities
What sanctions is Belarus under in 2026?
Belarus faces EU and US sanctions imposed since 2020, covering the fraudulent presidential election, the forced diversion of a Ryanair flight in 2021, and its support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. A May 2026 OFAC action added Iran-arms grounds via Armory Alliance LLC.Source: event
Is Belarus a co-belligerent in the Russia-Ukraine war?
Belarus hosts Russian drone relay stations that have been routing strikes on Ukrainian cities, and allowed Russian troops to use its territory for the 2022 invasion. It has not formally entered the war but materially supports Russian operations.Source: event
What is the Union State and could it drag Belarus into the Ukraine war?
The 1999 Russia-Belarus Union State treaty includes collective security provisions. ISW assessed that Moscow was framing any Ukrainian strike on Belarusian soil as grounds to invoke these, potentially pulling Belarusian troops into direct combat.Source: event
Why did Ukraine threaten to strike Belarus in June 2026?
Four Russian drone relay stations in Belarus's Homiel and Brest regions were routing long-range strikes onto Zhytomyr, Rivne and Volyn oblasts. Zelenskyy gave Lukashenko until roughly 27 June to dismantle them or face Ukrainian strikes.Source: event
Why is Belarus involved in Iran's arms procurement network?
Belarus provides Iran-sanctions evasion networks with access to Soviet-era defence-industrial capacity, logistics infrastructure adjacent to Russia, and a government that does not enforce Western sanctions. Armory Alliance LLC was designated on 8 May 2026 as Belarus's node in Iran's CITC procurement ring.Source: OFAC
Is Belarus forming a new military brigade near Ukraine?
Yes. Belarusian Special Operations Forces commander Colonel Alexander Ilyukevich announced on 2 August 2026 that Belarus is completing formation of its 37th Separate Airborne Assault Brigade near Gomel, about 40km from the Ukrainian border, under plans first announced in August 2025. Analysts stress this is Belarusian force generation, not a fresh Russian mobilisation wave.Source: ISW