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Data Centres: Boom and Backlash
8SEP

Brazil bill ties tax break to a water cap

3 min read
13:06UTC

Brazil's Senate has passed a data-centre tax regime whose benefits hang on a water number checked every year. In the same twenty-five days, lenders, a Finnish grid operator and an Australian listed operator all drew the same line between capacity promised and capacity anyone can point at. Singapore rationed 200 MW with conditions attached, and Britain's most-quoted connection-queue figure cannot be found in the register it is credited to.

IndustryCRUIMDA
Key takeaway

Britain's 125 GW queue figure survived seven months unchecked, including in this pipeline's own reporting, because nothing forced a retest.

This briefing mapped
Regulatory
Economic
Infrastructure
Legal

Brazil's Senate passed PL 278/2026 on 1 September, capping water use at 0.05 litres per kilowatt-hour. Miss the cap in any single year and the tax break goes.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Brazil's Senate passed the Redata tax bill on 1 September, sending it to President Lula. The break requires data centres to hold water use at 0.05 litres per kilowatt hour, checked every year.

That threshold sits below what evaporative cooling normally reaches, so operators chasing the tax break will likely need pricier closed-loop or liquid cooling instead. 

NVIDIA told the Securities and Exchange Commission on 26 August that it had signed memorandums to mobilise more than $500bn of outside capital, then said the arrangements may not become definitive.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Nvidia told the SEC on 26 August it had signed memorandums aiming to raise more than $500bn from outside investors to help finance its customers' chip purchases.

Nvidia's own filing admits the arrangements may never become binding, and that it may absorb losses itself if the equipment loses value. 

IREN signed $2.4bn of financing dated 25 August for servers at Mackenzie, British Columbia. The money is released only when the equipment is accepted.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

IREN signed $2.4bn of financing on 25 August for GPU servers at its Mackenzie, British Columbia site, split between a security agreement and 9.0% senior notes.

Lenders only release cash once the hardware is accepted, so any delay in chip shipments now delays IREN's funding as well as its build. 

Lambda closed a $926m senior secured term loan on 1 September, funding computing hardware for a committed investment-grade offtaker it has not named.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Lambda closed a $926m senior secured loan on 1 September to buy hardware for one investment-grade customer it has not named.

The loan's safety rests on that customer's credit, not Lambda's own track record, concentrating risk in a single, undisclosed offtaker. 

Cape Town has approved five data centres with two more under assessment, and the city will not name the operators or disclose their combined power and water demand.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Cape Town has approved five data centres and has two more under review, but will not name the operators or reveal their power and water needs.

In a city that already worries about water supply, only the objecting Legal Resources Centre has produced any usable demand estimate. 

Fingrid put Finnish data-centre projects holding signed connection agreements at nearly 5 GW on 18 August, then said in the same release that a signature does not guarantee build-out.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Fingrid said on 18 August that Finnish data-centre projects hold nearly 5 GW of signed grid connections, then warned a signature does not guarantee anything gets built.

The grid operator is pre-empting a common mistake: treating queued capacity as delivered power, when much of it may never be energised. 

Sources:Fingrid

NEXTDC reported 565.1 MW of binding forward orders on 27 August, then named the options, reservations and letters of intent the figure leaves out.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

NEXTDC reported 565.1 MW of binding forward orders in its 27 August results, explicitly excluding options, reservations and letters of intent.

Most of that capacity will not bill until 2027 or 2028, so the order book looks large but converts to revenue slowly. 

Sources:NEXTDC

Singapore picked four proposals from twenty on 21 August, giving Digital Realty, Equinix, Keppel Data Centres and ST Telemedia Global Data Centres 50 MW each.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Singapore's EDB and IMDA picked four winners from twenty applicants on 21 August, giving Digital Realty, Equinix, Keppel and ST Telemedia 50 MW each.

Digital Realty's award is conditional on drawing over half its power from green sources, tying new capacity to cleaner generation before it is built. 

Enterprise Singapore and the Infocomm Media Development Authority issued SS 726:2026 on 27 August, a liquid-cooling standard written for data centres in tropical climates.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Singapore issued SS 726:2026 on 27 August, a new liquid-cooling standard written specifically for tropical-climate data centres.

The rulebook landed just six days after the city awarded new capacity to four operators, ahead of any site actually using it. 

Malaysian data centres took 9.3% of national electricity in the second week of August, against a 7% average for the year, the Energy Commission's chief executive said.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources from Malaysia
Malaysia

Malaysia's data centres took 9.3% of national electricity in the second week of August, versus a 7% average for the year, the Energy Commission said.

Hotter weather pushed the share higher, showing data-centre demand now moves with the same heatwaves that strain household cooling. 

Sources:Bernama via Yahoo Finance Canada·Wood Mackenzie

The Redheughs Avenue appeal was recalled on 17 August and now sits with Scottish Ministers against a 28 September target. Lowdown counted 2,202 entries on the register Britain's queue figures are checked against, and not one is demand alone.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

The Redheughs Avenue data-centre appeal in Edinburgh was recalled on 17 August and now sits with Scottish Ministers, targeting a decision by 28 September.

Lowdown's own count of Britain's grid queue register found 2,202 entries and no clean way to isolate demand-only projects like data centres. 

South Korea's climate and energy ministry and KEPCO set out an eleven-zone regional electricity pricing scheme on 26 August, cutting industrial rates outside the capital region.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

South Korea's energy ministry and KEPCO proposed splitting the country into 11 electricity pricing zones on 26 August, cutting industrial rates outside Seoul.

The plan uses price, not planning rules, to steer new chip factories and AI data centres away from the already-congested capital grid. 

Ontario opened consultation on 13 August on a Data Centre Playbook proposing full energy-cost recovery from sites above 1 MW, with no cash incentives.

Sources profile:This story draws on mixed-leaning sources from Canada
Canada
LeftRight

Ontario opened consultation on 13 August on a Data Centre Playbook that would make sites above 1 MW pay their full grid-connection costs.

Unlike jurisdictions courting data centres with subsidies, Ontario is proposing no cash incentives at all for these large new loads. 

Sources:CBC News

Five US grid operators missed the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 17 August show-cause deadline on large loads and were granted abeyance until 16 November.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Five US grid operators missed the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 17 August deadline to explain their large-load connection rules and won abeyance until 16 November.

The delay means America's rules for connecting huge new electricity users, including data centres, stay unsettled for three more months. 

Cerebras and Compute Nordic Finland announced a contracted 165 MW data centre at Mikkeli on 1 September, with only the first 50 MW phase under construction.

Sources profile:This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Cerebras and Compute Nordic Finland announced a 165 MW contracted AI data centre at Mikkeli on 1 September.

Only the first 50 MW is actually under construction, leaving most of the announced capacity as a signed commitment rather than a building site. 

Closing comments

Direction: tightening. Nothing in this window relaxed a condition and three jurisdictions added one. Brazil, not Britain, holds the next test: President Lula must sign or veto PL 278/2026, unsigned as of 8 September 2026. A signature locks in the annual water re-test for the life of every qualifying building, while a veto would be the first relaxation any jurisdiction has offered this year. ANEEL, Brazil's federal electricity regulator, is the mechanism that would tip the assessment either way: silence on how renewable-conditioned demand gets served lets the tax condition run ahead of the grid capacity needed to meet it.

Different Perspectives
Ministerio de Minas e Energia
Ministerio de Minas e Energia
Brazil's energy ministry published Redata's five conditions after the Senate passed PL 278/2026 on 1 September, betting a repeatable annual water test enforces cooling design better than a one-off approval. Redata now needs President Lula's signature before any of it takes effect.
Legal Resources Centre
Legal Resources Centre
The Legal Resources Centre put the water and power draw of two approved Cape Town Equinix sites in public, at roughly 4.4 billion litres and 1.4 to 1.5 billion kWh a year, because the city and the operator would not. It wants a cumulative assessment before any more of the five approvals proceed.
Economic Development Board and Infocomm Media Development Authority
Economic Development Board and Infocomm Media Development Authority
Singapore's EDB and IMDA rationed 200 MW across four operators on 21 August and followed with a tropical liquid-cooling standard six days later, fixing the terms before construction starts. The agencies will decide within 18 to 24 months whether to run a third call.
Energy Commission (Malaysia)
Energy Commission (Malaysia)
Malaysia's Energy Commission recorded data centres at 9.3% of national power in one hot week in August, against a 7% year-to-date average, and is projecting 31% of peninsular demand by 2035. It wants roughly 9 GW of new gas-fired capacity by 2032 to cover the gap.
IREN Limited
IREN Limited
IREN signed $2.4bn of financing on 25 August that only releases cash once its Mackenzie GPU servers are accepted, and only through 31 December 2026. A shipping delay from here now creates a funding problem as well as a revenue one.
NVIDIA
NVIDIA
NVIDIA told the Securities and Exchange Commission on 26 August it had signed memorandums aiming to mobilise over $500bn for buyers' equipment purchases, then said in the same filing the arrangements may not become definitive. It may also carry limited residual-value risk on the equipment itself.