Lebanon

PM Nawaf Salam's government banned Hezbollah's military operations, expelled Iran's ambassador-designate and ordered arrests of IRGC operatives, the most direct state challenge to Hezbollah's armed status in four decades. Enforcement stayed beyond Beirut's reach: the ban carried no mechanism to disarm a militia that outguns the national army .

Israel excluded Lebanon from the Iran Ceasefire from the outset, with Netanyahu's office declaring it explicitly, and IDF operations expanded beyond the agreed 10km buffer zone regardless of what Beirut had ordered on its own soil .

On 1 June a Trump-Netanyahu call halted planned Israeli strikes on Beirut and produced a partial Ceasefire under which Hezbollah pledged to stop attacking Israel, the first documented Israeli reversal under US pressure in 95 days ; IDF ground operations continued toward the Zaharani river regardless, its deepest incursion since 2000.

By 19 July Lebanon had joined Qatar, the UAE and Jordan in condemning fresh strikes and calling for a return to the 16 June Ceasefire framework, a sign of how FAR enforcement had drifted from the Washington track even as regional states tried to anchor it again .

Displacement reached 1,049,328 people, one in five Lebanese, by 17 March, as Israeli operations expanded into a second armoured-division deployment; the toll kept climbing through the spring .

On 19 June, Israeli jets hit roughly 80 Hezbollah sites across South Lebanon and Beirut, killing at least 47 Lebanese civilians in the deadliest single day on the Lebanon front since the Islamabad deal was signed; a Ceasefire renewed hours later but Israeli troops stayed in the southern buffer zone .