Portugal's Council of Ministers approved diplomas on 23 July creating specialised immigration and asylum courts and ending Lisbon's exclusive hold on lawsuits against its migration agency. The agency faces 124,000 suits, with just 34% of 152,000 pending cases resolved so far.
A 28-judge task force cleared 22,436 suits between April and June. Spreading cases beyond Lisbon tests whether the new courts can match that pace once the reform takes effect.
