
Spain
EU and NATO member; a parliamentary monarchy and one of the world's largest tourism economies.
Spain's deputies voted down the government's seasonal-rental and lease-renewal decree-laws on 2 October, five months after the Tribunal Supremo stripped Madrid of The National short-let registration number.
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Cybersecurity: Threats and DefencesBackground
Spain is a parliamentary monarchy, a member of the EU and NATO, and one of the world's largest tourism economies. Pedro Sánchez has been prime minister since 2018 and governs in Coalition with Sumar. Spain hosts two significant US military facilities, Naval Station Rota and Morón Air Base, and refused US forces wartime use of them during the 2026 Iran campaign.
Authority is split between Madrid and 17 autonomous communities. The Tribunal Supremo's May 2026 ruling sent short-let registration to the regions, while six foral communities keep their own civil law; Navarra used that power in July to pass its own room-rental law.
The same national rule-making shapes energy and digital policy. On 10 September the energy ministry closed consultation on a draft decree requiring new data centres to reach a power usage effectiveness of 1.15 and to match 80% of supply with renewables hour by hour; Aragon's regional government called the draft unmeetable.
Spain lost two national rental tools
Madrid's grip on short lets slipped first in court. On 21 May judgment STS 620/2026 of the Tribunal Supremo struck down the single national registration number, moving registers to the 17 autonomous communities while civil lease law stays with the foral regions.
Deputies then threw out both new housing decree-laws on 2 October: the seasonal-rental rule by 172 votes to 178, and the five-year lease-renewal rule, seven years for corporate landlords, by 166 to 184. Junts joined the Partido Popular and Vox against both. Demand keeps rising meanwhile. INE counted 12.3m foreign tourists in August, up 9.2%, with those staying mainly in rented homes up 13.7% and hotel guests up 6.6%.
Spain won its second world title
Spain won the 2026 World Cup on 19 July, beating Argentina 1-0 after extra time at MetLife Stadium. Substitute Ferran Torres scored in the 106th minute, and Argentina managed no shot on target until extra time. Spain had reached its first semi-final since 2010 by beating Belgium 2-1 on 10 July, and the title is its second, after 2010.
The state marked the win the next day. King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia received the squad at the Palacio de la Zarzuela on 20 July, with Princess Leonor and Infanta Sofía alongside them, and the football federation's delegation was led by its president, Rafael Louzán.
Spanish unions target the tax base
Spain hosts what unions called Europe's first completed AI-attributed collective redundancy: 80 jobs at Concentrix's A Coruña site, agreed in July 2026. On 6 August the works committee said the loss of a further client contract could double the cuts to 160.
Unions then took the argument into fiscal policy. On 21 September CCOO economist Fernando Rocha and academics from the universities of Granada and Valencia proposed setting Spanish corporate tax rates by how many people a company employs. They tied the idea to the social-security base, which raised €109.9bn from 22.3 million contributors between January and July 2026.