Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
Iran Conflict 2026
23JUL

Houthi blockade cuts Saudi loadings 36%

2 min read
19:27UTC

Saudi crude loadings through Bab el-Mandeb fell 36% before the Houthis struck the tankers Encelia and Layla on 23 July, turning a blockade threat into realised losses.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Rerouting round the Cape keeps Saudi barrels flowing but ties up ships and lifts freight.

Saudi crude loadings through Bab el-Mandeb, the strait between Yemen and the Horn of Africa that funnels Suez-bound shipping, fell 36% in two weeks, from 9.5 million barrels a day at the 29 June peak to 6.1 million in the week of 13 July, before a shot was fired⁠1. The Houthis, the Yemeni armed movement that controls the country's Red Sea coast, declared a naval blockade of Saudi-linked shipping through the strait on 20 July. On 23 July they struck two Saudi tankers, the Encelia and the Layla, with missiles and drones in the Red Sea; both caught fire, the Encelia broadcast 'not under command', and no crew casualties were reported⁠2.

More than 2,000 ships have already rerouted around the Cape of Good Hope, adding up to three weeks to a Europe-bound voyage, and Saudi exporters have pushed over 70% of their barrels to the west-coast terminal at Yanbu to skip the strait entirely. The military dimension belongs to the Gulf war that took Brent past $90 on Iran's strike against Kuwait. Every barrel that rounds the Cape instead of transiting Suez ties up a ship for longer, and a fleet that turns slower charges more.

Analysts cited by Bloomberg warn that a full Bab el-Mandeb closure stacked on the Hormuz constraint could put roughly a quarter of world oil and gas at risk⁠3. That figure describes a ceiling rather than a base case: the strait is being avoided, not sealed, and rerouting round the Cape keeps the barrels flowing at a higher freight cost rather than removing them from the market.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

The Houthis are an armed group that controls much of Yemen and has fought a civil war there since 2014. In 2023 they began attacking ships in the Red Sea they linked to Israel; they have now declared a blockade specifically targeting vessels connected to Saudi Arabia. Bab el-Mandeb is a narrow strait between Yemen and the Horn of Africa that ships must pass through to reach the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. Two Saudi tankers, the Encelia and the Layla, were hit by missiles and drones there, and Saudi crude loadings through the strait fell more than a third in two weeks as shippers diverted cargo. That matters because Saudi Arabia can reroute some crude to its Red Sea port at Yanbu, but the slower, longer voyage round the Cape of Good Hope adds cost and time that ultimately reaches fuel buyers in Europe and Asia.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

Houthi anti-ship missile and drone capability traces to transfers routed through Yemen's Hodeidah corridor, a supply chain UN Panel of Experts reporting has documented since 2015. That dependency gives external suppliers indirect leverage over Red Sea shipping without direct naval engagement of their own.

Saudi Arabia's Bab el-Mandeb exposure is structural: crude loaded at Red Sea terminals for European and North African buyers has no chokepoint-free alternative besides the slower, costlier Yanbu-to-Cape route, which is now absorbing the diverted cargoes, part of the same Gulf war Iran's Kuwait strike opened .

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    A sustained Bab el-Mandeb blockade would compound Suez-dependent Mediterranean freight costs already rising on aframax pricing, layering a second Red Sea risk premium onto European-bound cargoes.

First Reported In

Update #19 · Second chokepoint doubles Med freight

The National· 23 Jul 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
Wang Yi
Wang Yi
China's foreign minister and Djibouti's issued a joint communique on 21 October saying the war should not reach the Horn of Africa and stressing free navigation through Bab al-Mandeb. The text names neither Iran nor the Houthis, and Djibouti hosts China's only overseas military base, opposite the Yemeni coast.
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of External Affairs
India's foreign ministry called the attacks on Saudi civilian and energy sites "unacceptable" on 22 October and said they must stop at once. An Indian died at Dammam, Indians were injured there and at Shaybah, and about 4,000 Umrah pilgrims remain stranded by one MP's count.
Iraq
Iraq
Iraq closed the al-Sheeb crossing with Iran to travellers and trucks from 21 October and said other crossings would close gradually. Unlike September's closure, which ended on a staged timetable, this one has none, and Iran's interior ministry said it received no notice.
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Egypt's president said on 21 October that Cairo's support would "defend Saudi territory, and does not include an attack on Yemen". Araghchi warned that Egyptian involvement would further complicate the situation, and Cairo's limit matches the one Ankara set on 8 October against attacking another state's soil.
UK Ministry of Defence
UK Ministry of Defence
The MoD said on 20 October that RAF Typhoons over Saudi Arabia will not strike the Houthis, but extended tanker support to Saudi operations including against Houthi targets in Yemen. The tanker line sets no limit on strikes, so British aircraft may now refuel Saudi jets on bombing runs.
Turkey
Turkey
Ankara sent the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement to parliament around 20 October, and its published text treats an attack on one party as an attack on all. Article 16 brings it into force only on the last ratification, so the 5 October invocation in Riyadh could not yet bind Turkey.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.