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Iran Conflict 2026
18JUL

Rial bill, yuan portal, two ships

4 min read
13:17UTC

Iran's Majlis passed an 11-article Hormuz bill mandating rial-only fees; Brent fell 5.16% to $105.54 the same day Windward logged only two commercial transits through the strait.

← Back to US bombing moves inland as blockade hardensJump to analysis ↓
ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Brent priced a diplomatic probability the strait did not honour.

Iran's Majlis National Security Committee passed an 11-article Strategic Action Plan for Hormuz and Persian Gulf Security, Mehr News Agency reported in Farsi on 20 May 1. The bill mandates that all passage fees be collected exclusively in Iranian rial, bans vessels from nations 'that participated in the imposed war', requires war-damage reparations before such vessels may transit, and enforces compliance through seizure and 20 per cent cargo confiscation. The committee passed it; the Majlis has not scheduled a floor vote.

The rial-only clause cannot coexist with the operational reality. The PGSA (the IRGC-backed Persian Gulf Shipping Authority that administers Hormuz tolls) launched its vessel-submission portal on 18 May accepting yuan wire transfers up to $2 million per vessel and Bitcoin payments ; the formal fee schedule promised that day remains unpublished. If the bill is signed in its current form, Iran's legislature will have made its own enforcement mechanism unlawful in its own currency rules. Beijing has been paying through the yuan channel the legislature now wants to ban.

Brent Crude settled at $105.54 on Wednesday 20 May, down 5.16 per cent from the $111.22 close on Tuesday 19 May. The $5-per-barrel spread between Brent and the IEA's May projection of $106, which Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley had identified as a structural insurance premium, compressed to near-parity in a single trading session . The market priced diplomatic optimism the waterway did not honour: Windward's maritime tracker logged only 2 commercial transits through the strait on 20 May, down from 7 on 19 May and against a pre-crisis baseline of roughly 95 per day 2. Roughly 18 million barrels of crude per day that normally moves through Hormuz sat in anchorage or was diverted onto slower routes.

Lloyd's of London's Joint War Committee still conditions the reopening of Hormuz war-risk cover on written rules of engagement from either the 26-nation coalition or PGSA ; hull rates priced at 110-125 per cent of vessel value on the secondary market. The Majlis rial bill adds a second governance incompatibility on top of the missing tariff: a coalition ROE cannot mention rial without conceding Iranian sovereignty over the strait, and a PGSA ROE that names rial blocks the yuan channel Chinese buyers depend on. The benchmark fell 5.16 per cent in screen terms while the physical waterway carried two vessels. One kinetic event or a defeated Senate floor vote and the structural premium re-emerges by Saturday.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway between Iran and Oman through which roughly 20% of the world's oil normally flows. Since the conflict began, Iran has been charging ships to transit, but doing so informally using Chinese yuan or Bitcoin. On 20 May, Iran's parliament took a step toward making these charges formal law, specifying that all fees must be paid in Iranian rials. The problem is that the Iranian rial is cut off from most international banking because of sanctions. You cannot easily pay in rials using a normal bank account if you are a shipping company in Japan or Singapore. So the law as written would effectively ban most commercial shipping from the strait unless Iran sets up a separate workaround. The same day, the price of Brent crude oil fell 5% because traders were betting that ongoing diplomatic talks meant the strait might reopen soon. But in practice, only 2 ships crossed the strait that whole day 97% below normal showing the market was pricing hope, not reality.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The rial-only bill emerges from a structural tension inside Iran's wartime governance: the IRGC-backed PGSA needs hard-currency inflows to sustain its operations, while the Majlis needs to demonstrate to the domestic audience that the war is extracting economic tribute from adversaries. These two requirements are operationally incompatible.

Iran's blocked access to SWIFT and US correspondent banking means the rial cannot function as an international settlement currency. The rial cannot be the settlement currency for international transactions because no international bank will hold rial receivables under current sanctions.

The bill's rial-only clause is therefore not an operational payment mechanism; it is a sovereignty signal a legislative assertion that Iran has the right to denominate trade in its own currency, regardless of whether the mechanism exists to implement it.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    The rial-only clause directly invalidates the PGSA's yuan and Bitcoin payment channels that launched on 18 May (ID:3477), creating a governance split between Iran's legislative and operational arms that prevents any commercial shipper from achieving compliant transit.

    Immediate · Assessed
  • Risk

    Lloyd's Joint War Committee requires written rules of engagement before reopening Hormuz war-risk cover (ID:3481). The rial bill adds a second incompatibility: even if the coalition publishes rules, no insurer can underwrite under a regime requiring rial settlement that no counterparty can legally execute.

    Short term · Assessed
  • Risk

    China and India, which have bilateral passage arrangements using yuan and direct clearing, face a potential future demand to convert those arrangements into rial-denominated terms, which would be operationally impossible under current sanctions.

    Medium term · Suggested
  • Meaning

    The Brent-physical divergence on 20 May market down 5.16% while only 2 vessels transited shows the oil price is pricing a diplomatic probability, not operational reality. When the diplomatic track stalls again, the structural insurance premium identified by Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley will reassert sharply.

    Immediate · Assessed
Sources:Mehr News Agency·Mehr News Agency·Fortune / Windward
Mentions:Persian Gulf Strait Authority →Brent Crude →Strait of Hormuz →Windward →Goldman Sachs →Morgan Stanley →International Energy Agency →Mehr News Agency →Strategic Action Plan for Hormuz and Persian Gulf Security →Majlis →Lloyd's of London →Ebrahim Azizi →Oman →Persian Gulf →Singapore →Chinese yuan →Japan →RUSI →Iran →Tehran →Beijing →Iran parliament's national security committee →Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) →Saeed Laylaz →
First Reported In

Update #104 · Three days to Hengli

Mehr News Agency· 21 May 2026
Read original →
Causes and effects
Caused by
PGSA opens vessel portal, withholds tariff schedule
PGSA yuan/Bitcoin portal launched 18 May operates on currency rules incompatible with the Majlis rial-only bill
Occurred 20 May 2026
Read story →
Brent at $111, IEA at $106: the $5 gap
Brent-IEA spread widened on 19 May foreshadowed the 5.16% Brent fall on 20 May as diplomatic optimism repriced the risk premium
Occurred 19 May 2026
Read story →
Hormuz coalition: 8 days deployed, no rules published
Lloyd's JWC conditioned Hormuz war-risk cover on written ROE; the Majlis rial bill adds a second governance incompatibility blocking cover reopening
Occurred 20 May 2026
Read story →
This Event
Rial bill, yuan portal, two ships
Tehran's own legislature has voted to outlaw the yuan-and-Bitcoin payment channel that PGSA opened four days earlier, while the financial market and the physical waterway run on opposite information.
Led to
Five Gulf states reject Iran's sea route
The IMO letter rejects the rial-only Hormuz toll system enacted by the Majlis (ID:3495).
Occurred 21 May 2026
Read story →
Different Perspectives
Shipping and war-risk insurers
Shipping and war-risk insurers
War-risk premiums for Hormuz transits reached 3 to 10 per cent of hull value on 17 July, against 0.25 per cent before the war, as Brent cleared $87 and daily transits fell to eight vessels. Underwriters are pricing the confirmed UKMTO mine near the Traffic Separation Scheme, not the IRGC's unconfirmed 18 July mining claim, which CENTCOM called false.
Oman
Oman
Abbas Araghchi led an Iranian delegation to Oman-hosted talks in Muscat on 18 July, an agenda confined to reopening the Strait of Hormuz and nothing else. Oman's decades of studied neutrality make it the one channel neither Washington nor Tehran needs to be seen initiating, and that narrowness is what lets it survive the bombing.
Kuwait
Kuwait
Kuwait's electricity ministry asked residents to ration water and power after the IRGC set Shuaiba's generating units alight on 17 July, the second Kuwaiti site struck in two days. The country draws 90 per cent of its drinking water from plants sharing power infrastructure, so one strike reaches every tap in the hottest weeks of the year.
Jordan
Jordan
Amman still reports no casualties or damage of its own from the 17 July attack even as CENTCOM confirmed two American dead on the same runway, a line it has not amended since. Hosting the base that produced the war's first US fatalities puts Jordan's decades-old defence arrangement with Washington under a domestic scrutiny it has not faced before.
Tehran / Artesh and AEOI
Tehran / Artesh and AEOI
Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation called the alleged Darkhovin strike a violation of international law, while the Artesh put Operation Saeqeh, its campaign against Kuwait, Jordan and Bahrain, at phases 14 and 15 by 18 July. Domestic outlets Fars and Tabnak claim 16 Americans dead since February, a toll no source outside Iran supports.
CENTCOM / Washington
CENTCOM / Washington
CENTCOM confirmed two dead and one missing at Muwaffaq Salti on 17 July, when Jordan says its air defences intercepted eight of ten incoming missiles, against five of five stopped on 10 June. Its own strikes stay aimed at Iran's coast, interior and navy, not the Artesh campaign that killed them.