Skip to content
Briefings are running a touch slower this week while we rebuild the foundations.See roadmap
Iran Conflict 2026
25MAY

Brent touches $119 before falling back

4 min read
13:55UTC

Brent crude has risen 76% in 19 days. Three named energy analysts now model $200 per barrel as a realistic outcome — and Middle Eastern benchmarks have already crossed $150.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

The settled price of $108 embeds a structural shortage premium, not merely a fear premium.

Brent Crude touched $119 per barrel intraday on 19 March — 76% above the pre-war level of $67.41 — before settling at $108.65 after Netanyahu claimed Israel was working to reopen the strait of Hormuz 1. The $10 intraday swing is a measure of how prices now move on political statements rather than physical supply data. The trajectory has been relentless: $103.14 on 14 March , past $106 on 15 March , $110.90 on 17 March , and now $119 — a 15% climb in five trading days. The IEA's record 400-million-barrel strategic reserve release, announced a week ago, failed to hold prices below $100 for more than a single session .

Three named analysts have placed $200 within their forecast range. Ann-Louise Hittle of Wood Mackenzie forecast $150 "soon" and called $200 "not outside the realms of possibility." Vandana Hari of Vanda Insights said $200 is "already within sight" and noted that Middle Eastern benchmarks — Oman and Dubai crude — have already crossed $150 2. Adi Imsirovic of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies called $200 "perfectly possible" and a "major handbrake to world economy" 3. Rystad Energy modelled two scenarios: a two-month war yields $110 by April; a four-month war, $135 by June 4. Chatham House assessed last week that Brent could reach $130 if the conflict persists for months . At the current pace, that threshold may arrive weeks before the timeline the institution modelled.

The split between Brent and Middle Eastern benchmarks matters more than the headline number. Brent is priced off North Sea delivery and reflects global expectations. Oman and Dubai crude reflect the physical cost of sourcing oil near a closed strait where daily transits have fallen to single digits against a pre-war average of 138 . The $30-plus gap between regional and international benchmarks means energy importers in Asia — Japan, South Korea, India — face an effective price closer to $150 already. Europe's position is compounded by the gas dimension: EU storage stood below 30% before the latest Qatar LNG damage, and Bloomberg traders expect the Asian LNG benchmark to surpass $26 per million British thermal units by mid-April 5.

The market has now absorbed every intervention — strategic reserve releases, Russian sanctions waivers , Iranian tankers allowed through the strait — and continued to climb. Each measure adds marginal barrels. None reopens Hormuz. Until the strait functions or the war ends, the question for importing economies is not whether prices reach $150 but how quickly.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

When oil prices rise sharply, the cost does not stop at the petrol station. Everything transported, grown, or manufactured using energy becomes more expensive over the following weeks. At $108 per barrel — 76% above pre-war levels — fuel bills, food prices, and airline tickets will remain elevated. The disruption lasts as long as the supply constraint does. The gap between the $119 intraday spike and the $108 settled price shows markets are simultaneously pricing two scenarios: a complete Hormuz lockout and a diplomatic exit that partially restores supply. The settled price reflects what traders believe the minimum structural shortage is actually worth, independent of diplomatic noise.

Deep Analysis
Synthesis

The absence of any IEA emergency reserve announcement — which typically suppresses spikes of this magnitude — signals that member governments are either conserving reserves for a longer conflict or lack confidence that releases would offset structural shortfalls. At $108 settled, petrostates are accumulating surpluses of $30+ per barrel above their fiscal break-even points, generating geopolitical capital that may outlast the conflict itself.

Root Causes

The structural driver is the simultaneous elimination of both primary and secondary export infrastructure: Hormuz closure removes the primary maritime route, Yanbu attacks remove the principal land alternative. Standard supply-shock models were not calibrated for concurrent primary and backup infrastructure loss — this creates genuine pricing uncertainty beyond normal war-premium methodology.

Escalation

The $10+ gap between intraday high and settled price implies markets are pricing roughly a 30–40% probability of near-term Hormuz resolution. If Yanbu — the only remaining Gulf Arab crude export terminal — sustains further damage, the settled price floor rises materially toward $150, because no comparable alternative routing exists for Gulf crude exports.

What could happen next?
2 risk1 consequence1 opportunity1 precedent
  • Risk

    If Yanbu sustains further damage, there is no comparable alternative Gulf crude export route, and the settled price floor rises toward the $150 threshold.

    Short term · Assessed
  • Consequence

    At 76% above pre-war levels, oil prices are already transmitting into food and manufactured goods inflation across energy-import-dependent economies.

    Immediate · Assessed
  • Risk

    Demand destruction in Asia at $130+ could trigger a secondary global slowdown independent of conflict resolution or Hormuz status.

    Medium term · Suggested
  • Opportunity

    Petrostates accumulating $30+ per-barrel surplus revenue above fiscal break-even are building geopolitical capital that will shape post-war reconstruction and alliance dynamics.

    Medium term · Suggested
  • Precedent

    Simultaneous primary and secondary infrastructure destruction has no modern oil market precedent; existing price models were not calibrated for this scenario.

    Immediate · Assessed
First Reported In

Update #42 · Iran hits four countries; Brent at $119

CNBC· 20 Mar 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
Brent touches $119 before falling back
The steepest sustained oil price rally since 2008 is accelerating beyond institutional forecasts. Middle Eastern crude benchmarks — reflecting physical proximity to the Hormuz disruption — have already crossed $150, a threshold associated with global recessionary pressure. The $30-plus gap between regional and international benchmarks reveals a two-tier market that penalises energy-importing economies in Asia and Europe most acutely.
Different Perspectives
Lloyd's of London
Lloyd's of London
The Joint War Committee left Hormuz war-risk premiums at $10-14 million per voyage on 25 May, declining to move on Brent's 5% fall. The JWC's protocol requires a UN Security Council resolution or bilateral government certification letter before de-listing, and neither has arrived: a verbal understanding does not satisfy the formal condition the reinsurance market's treaty terms require.
Gulf Arab producers
Gulf Arab producers
Saudi Arabia and UAE depend on Hormuz for their own crude exports; Aramco CEO Nasser has warned no oil market recovery arrives until 2027 if the blockade continues past mid-June. Monday's $98.96 Brent settlement shortens nothing for Gulf producers without a signed instrument and a Pentagon mine-clearance timeline that runs up to six months post-ceasefire.
Qatar
Qatar
Qatar holds $12bn of frozen Iranian assets at the centre of the sequencing dispute but cannot release them without explicit US Treasury authorisation, given the original freeze was a US instrument. As the asset-holding state, Qatar's leverage is real but passive: it is the escrow holder, not the decision-maker, and any resolution requires US Treasury sign-off that Trump has withheld.
Pakistan
Pakistan
With both Prime Minister Sharif and army chief Munir simultaneously in Beijing on 25 May, Pakistan has for the first time consolidated its civilian and military mediation tracks under China's roof. Munir's direct Tehran-to-Beijing flight signals that the security and financial threads of the sequencing problem are now being worked in parallel rather than sequentially.
China
China
Beijing hosted Pakistan's principal mediators and Iran's China envoy Ghalibaf simultaneously on 25 May while its banking regulator capped new state-bank lending to five sanctioned refiners. China is simultaneously the most credible third-party underwriter of the $12bn sequencing and the state whose institutions face live OFAC secondary-sanctions exposure if the deadlock persists through GL V's expiry.
United States
United States
Trump posted on 24 May that the blockade holds until a deal is certified and signed, ruling out the informal MOU structure both sides had been building. The 'certified, and signed' condition is the first operational bar Trump has attached in 87 days, but it arrived without an executive instrument, maintaining the gap between posted ultimatum and signed US policy.