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Iran Conflict 2026
25MAY

Munir returns to Tehran two days on

3 min read
13:55UTC

Pakistan's army chief Asim Munir returned to Tehran on Saturday, two days after cancelling the trip, calling the talks 'highly productive' toward terminating the war.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Munir's two-day cancel-and-return signals Islamabad now reads the deal as moving fast.

Pakistan's army chief Asim Munir made his second trip to Tehran on Saturday 23 May, two days after cancelling the first 1. The visit was described as "highly productive", with "encouraging progress" toward a final understanding. Munir had pulled out of the 21 May trip over three sticking points: the uranium stockpile, the nuclear sequencing gap, and Iranian Hormuz tolls . His return just two days later is the clearest measure of how fast Islamabad now reads the deal as moving.

Two Pakistani officials told Al Jazeera the MOU is "fairly comprehensive to terminate the war", covering a gradual Hormuz reopening, the lifting of the US blockade and the release of frozen Iranian funds 2. Pakistan has functioned as the war's primary back-channel for months; it confirmed it was the active mediator last week . The cancel-then-return cycle marks a sharp acceleration: from early March, it took Islamabad six weeks to extract a single nuclear-monitoring concession.

The carrier matters as much as the message. Iran's deal architecture runs through the IRGC and the Supreme Leader's office, not the civilian Foreign Ministry, so a military principal can engage the people who actually decide. Sending the army chief rather than the foreign minister preserves the general-officer channel that has carried the war's only concrete nuclear-monitoring movement, a channel no diplomatic visit has been able to replace.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Pakistan's army chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, flew to Tehran on Saturday 23 May. This was actually his second attempt that week: he had cancelled a planned trip on Thursday 21 May because three major issues were still blocking an agreement (Iran's uranium stockpile, how to sequence nuclear talks, and Hormuz tolls). Munir returned two days later and described the meeting as 'highly productive' with 'encouraging progress'. Pakistan has been acting as the go-between for the United States and Iran throughout this conflict. Neither side talks directly to the other, so Pakistan's army chief carries messages back and forth. Munir specifically carries the security and nuclear monitoring parts of the discussion because he has credibility with Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Iran's powerful military force, in a way a civilian diplomat would not. Two Pakistani officials told Al Jazeera the draft agreement is 'fairly comprehensive to terminate the war'.

First Reported In

Update #106 · Trump says deal; OFAC says nothing

Hengaw· 24 May 2026
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Different Perspectives
Lloyd's of London
Lloyd's of London
The Joint War Committee left Hormuz war-risk premiums at $10-14 million per voyage on 25 May, declining to move on Brent's 5% fall. The JWC's protocol requires a UN Security Council resolution or bilateral government certification letter before de-listing, and neither has arrived: a verbal understanding does not satisfy the formal condition the reinsurance market's treaty terms require.
Gulf Arab producers
Gulf Arab producers
Saudi Arabia and UAE depend on Hormuz for their own crude exports; Aramco CEO Nasser has warned no oil market recovery arrives until 2027 if the blockade continues past mid-June. Monday's $98.96 Brent settlement shortens nothing for Gulf producers without a signed instrument and a Pentagon mine-clearance timeline that runs up to six months post-ceasefire.
Qatar
Qatar
Qatar holds $12bn of frozen Iranian assets at the centre of the sequencing dispute but cannot release them without explicit US Treasury authorisation, given the original freeze was a US instrument. As the asset-holding state, Qatar's leverage is real but passive: it is the escrow holder, not the decision-maker, and any resolution requires US Treasury sign-off that Trump has withheld.
Pakistan
Pakistan
With both Prime Minister Sharif and army chief Munir simultaneously in Beijing on 25 May, Pakistan has for the first time consolidated its civilian and military mediation tracks under China's roof. Munir's direct Tehran-to-Beijing flight signals that the security and financial threads of the sequencing problem are now being worked in parallel rather than sequentially.
China
China
Beijing hosted Pakistan's principal mediators and Iran's China envoy Ghalibaf simultaneously on 25 May while its banking regulator capped new state-bank lending to five sanctioned refiners. China is simultaneously the most credible third-party underwriter of the $12bn sequencing and the state whose institutions face live OFAC secondary-sanctions exposure if the deadlock persists through GL V's expiry.
United States
United States
Trump posted on 24 May that the blockade holds until a deal is certified and signed, ruling out the informal MOU structure both sides had been building. The 'certified, and signed' condition is the first operational bar Trump has attached in 87 days, but it arrived without an executive instrument, maintaining the gap between posted ultimatum and signed US policy.