Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
European Tech Sovereignty
22OCT

Grossi, Gharibabadi and Trump differ on access

3 min read
17:24UTC

Grossi said IAEA inspections of Iran 'going to happen' on 24 June; Gharibabadi tied access to sanctions relief first; Trump claimed Iran 'completely agreed', and Tehran denied it within hours.

TechnologyDeveloping
Key takeaway

Grossi, Gharibabadi and Trump describe three inspection regimes, with no signed instrument behind any of them.

Rafael Grossi, director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), said in Japan on Wednesday 24 June that inspections of Iran's enrichment sites are "going to happen" and that the agency would work on "the modalities, dates, procedures, places, very soon"⁠1. The IAEA is the UN nuclear watchdog that verifies what states hold; it has been locked out of Iran for more than 100 days, with 440.9 kilograms of 60 per cent enriched uranium unverified since February. Grossi moved from whether to how, his firmest language since the Islamabad memorandum, though he named no date.

Iran answered in the opposite direction the same day. Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi said access would follow only a final deal and practical sanctions relief, not precede them⁠2. That contradicts the recitals of OFAC's General License X, which assumed IAEA access, and follows spokesman Esmail Baghaei's flat refusal on 23 June. The civilian government cannot concede the point, because the inspection block is an IRGC deterrent posture, not a negotiating chip the foreign ministry controls.

Then the claims widened. Donald Trump, the US President, told Fox News on Thursday that US inspectors would join the IAEA mission and that Iran had "completely agreed" to inspections⁠3. Iran's foreign ministry denied any such agreement within hours, the identical sequence to his 23 June claim and Baghaei's denial. No instrument backs the assertion. OFAC's only 24 June action was Russia-related removals⁠4, and The White House logged a single Senate nomination⁠5; no Iran instrument has followed General License X. The strongest signal in the file is the absence of any signed paper to settle which of the three accounts is true.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

International inspectors from the atomic energy watchdog, the IAEA, have not been allowed into Iran's nuclear sites for over 100 days. They need to check what Iran holds, specifically 440.9 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60% purity, material that is close to weapons-grade. On Wednesday, the IAEA's chief said inspections will happen and the agency is working out the details. On the same day, Iran's deputy foreign minister said no, access only comes after a final deal and after sanctions relief, not before. Then on Thursday, President Trump said on Fox News that Iran had 'completely agreed' to inspections and US inspectors would even join. Iran's government denied that within hours. None of the three actors contradicted each other accidentally. The IAEA chief wants to preserve the agency's role. Iran's deputy FM is relaying the IRGC position. Trump's claim has no paperwork behind it; the official US government record shows zero Iran instruments signed since 22 June.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    GL X's recitals assumed IAEA access that Iran has now refused three times; if the 21 August expiry arrives with the IAEA still locked out, the sanctions relief mechanism loses its stated legal justification, creating grounds for Congress to challenge the licence.

  • Consequence

    The 440.9 kg of 60%-enriched uranium remains unverified beyond 100 days; without a baseline restart, any future IAEA inspection begins without a confirmed starting stockpile, meaning any diversion between February and inspection-day is permanently unaccountable.

First Reported In

Update #138 · Three flags over Hormuz, none enforced

Euronews· 25 Jun 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
European Centre for International Political Economy
European Centre for International Political Economy
ECIPE found nine states gave about 97% of awarded cloud lots to home providers from 2018 to 2025, and every sovereignty-framed lot went to a domestic supplier. The think tank reads sovereignty clauses as a home-bias tool that narrows competition, with a 46% sole-bidder rate on a small sample.
Mistral AI
Mistral AI
Mistral opened a Munich industrial AI hub on 28 September with BMW and Siemens Energy work, and Germany's digital minister Karsten Wildberger praised it on the launch page. The French lab gains a German ministerial endorsement while its 21 October Nvidia partnership ties the work to US accelerators.
AWS European Sovereign Cloud
AWS European Sovereign Cloud
AWS will run its Brandenburg region for several hours on 24 October cut off from the AWS global backbone, with an EU-resident team. AWS says the test follows BSI's C3A criteria and will give regulators and customers verifiable evidence of separation.
Greenland government
Greenland government
Greenland signed a joint declaration with the EU and Denmark in September and received Virkkunen on 24 and 25 September. The Arctic Strategy now backs a cable linking Greenland directly to Europe, an alternative to Greenland Connect, which lands in Canada and Iceland.
Greek government
Greek government
Kyriakos Mitsotakis inaugurated DAEDALUS at Lavrion on 19 October, a €36m machine on Nvidia GH200 chips that anchors the PHAROS AI Factory. Athens paid 65% through Greece 2.0, making national recovery money the main funder of an EU AI Factory.
ASML
ASML
ASML reported record quarterly sales of €11.66bn and said planned supply for 2027 and 2028 will not fully meet demand. It plans about 30% more capacity in 2027, and some customers want to book for 2029 and 2030.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.