Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
Iran Conflict 2026
23JUL

Paris and London convene forty nations

4 min read
19:27UTC

Lowdown Newsroom

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Europe is drafting the Hormuz framework Washington never put on paper.

Emmanuel Macron and Keir Starmer will chair a leaders' video conference on Friday of nations willing to contribute to 'a purely defensive multilateral mission' to restore freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz once security conditions permit. The Elysée announcement, published on Tuesday, confirmed senior diplomats would hold a preparatory call on Thursday and that over forty nations were expected to participate. The conference is the operational successor to the earlier UK-convened Hormuz coordination meeting.

The difference is what is being drafted. At the earlier meeting the coalition agreed to coordinate. On Friday it plans to design a physical mission, command structure, and rules of engagement for a post-war passage framework. In international maritime law, the first credible multilateral framework tends to hold. Subsequent proposals negotiate against it rather than replacing it. Europe's advantage is written documents where the United States has only posts.

The US blockade has been running for several days on a social-media post and a self-generated CENTCOM operational order. The instrument-free record The White House's own presidential-actions page confirmed this week is what gives Paris and London space to hold the pen. With no American presidential text on record, any framework published on Friday becomes the document any post-war passage arrangement must reference. The Anglo-French summit is not framed as a challenge to Washington; it does not need to be. Roughly eighty per cent of the named nations host US bases, which complicates formal opposition to the blockade, but does not prevent them signing a post-war framework the United States has not written.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

France and the UK have invited more than 40 countries to a video conference on Friday to plan what happens at the strait of Hormuz after the war ends. the strait is a 33-kilometre-wide waterway between Iran and the Arabian peninsula, and about 20 per cent of the world's oil normally passes through it. Right now the US is running a blockade there; but it has never written down the formal rules on paper. The idea is: if no one writes the rules, whoever writes them first gets to set the terms. Europe is trying to be that writer. The conference would design a security mission; which countries contribute ships, what those ships are allowed to do, and under what legal authority. If it succeeds, the post-war Hormuz rules will have been written in Paris and London, not Washington.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The summit's genesis is the US instrument gap. Europe cannot negotiate a post-war passage regime against a text that does not exist. The blockade, the ceasefire, and the toll list are all Truth Social posts; no signed American instrument describes what a post-war Hormuz looks like from Washington's perspective.

The 2 April UK-led coordination meeting established that Europe had the political will but not the framework. The 17 April summit converts political will into a draft mission document; command structure, rules of engagement, force contributions; before the ceasefire window closes on 22 April. Europe is not challenging Washington; it is filling a governance vacuum Washington has not moved to fill.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    If the summit produces operational rules of engagement, Europe holds the pen on post-war Hormuz governance regardless of US diplomatic position

    Short term · 0.7
  • Risk

    Italy's parallel bilateral Gulf trip and France's simultaneous flag-state protest erode the claim that Europe speaks with a unified voice, weakening the framework's negotiating weight

    Immediate · 0.8
  • Opportunity

    A UNCLOS-compatible multilateral mandate gives Tehran a non-US framework to negotiate passage terms against, potentially breaking the Islamabad deadlock by providing an alternative interlocutor

    Medium term · 0.65
First Reported In

Update #69 · Cooper joins the instrument gap

Al-Monitor (Elysée)· 15 Apr 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
Wang Yi
Wang Yi
China's foreign minister and Djibouti's issued a joint communique on 21 October saying the war should not reach the Horn of Africa and stressing free navigation through Bab al-Mandeb. The text names neither Iran nor the Houthis, and Djibouti hosts China's only overseas military base, opposite the Yemeni coast.
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of External Affairs
India's foreign ministry called the attacks on Saudi civilian and energy sites "unacceptable" on 22 October and said they must stop at once. An Indian died at Dammam, Indians were injured there and at Shaybah, and about 4,000 Umrah pilgrims remain stranded by one MP's count.
Iraq
Iraq
Iraq closed the al-Sheeb crossing with Iran to travellers and trucks from 21 October and said other crossings would close gradually. Unlike September's closure, which ended on a staged timetable, this one has none, and Iran's interior ministry said it received no notice.
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Egypt's president said on 21 October that Cairo's support would "defend Saudi territory, and does not include an attack on Yemen". Araghchi warned that Egyptian involvement would further complicate the situation, and Cairo's limit matches the one Ankara set on 8 October against attacking another state's soil.
UK Ministry of Defence
UK Ministry of Defence
The MoD said on 20 October that RAF Typhoons over Saudi Arabia will not strike the Houthis, but extended tanker support to Saudi operations including against Houthi targets in Yemen. The tanker line sets no limit on strikes, so British aircraft may now refuel Saudi jets on bombing runs.
Turkey
Turkey
Ankara sent the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement to parliament around 20 October, and its published text treats an attack on one party as an attack on all. Article 16 brings it into force only on the last ratification, so the 5 October invocation in Riyadh could not yet bind Turkey.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.