Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
Autonomous Systems: Land & Sea
24JUN

German AI drone passes US Army test

4 min read
16:13UTC

US soldiers from V Corps scored 15 kills across 17 engagements with Helsing's HX-2 at Pabrade, Lithuania, the first confirmed US Army operational test of a European autonomous strike drone.

TechnologyDeveloping
Key takeaway

A European AI drone cleared the US Army's own GPS-denied test, a scenario the US incumbent had not priced.

Soldiers from V Corps, the US Army's forward command in Europe, put Germany's Helsing and its HX-2 artificial-intelligence strike drone through a live trial at Pabrade, Lithuania on 9 June, scoring 15 kills and 2 near-misses across 17 engagements under Project Flytrap 5.0⁠1. Project Flytrap is V Corps's own fielding accelerator on NATO's eastern flank, not a vendor demonstration. The run jammed satellite navigation and disrupted communications, the exact conditions that defeat most off-the-shelf drones, which makes an 88% effective hit rate the figure that matters⁠2.

Helsing's HX-2 had hit Russian targets in Ukraine before this trial, so the airframe arrived combat-tested. At Pabrade the watchers changed: an Army-run evaluation on an Army range, scored by US soldiers, marked the first confirmed US operational test of a European autonomous strike drone. GPS-denied autonomy, the ability to keep flying and striking when navigation signals are spoofed or blocked, is the capability boundary that separates drones usable in contested airspace from those limited to permissive skies. The HX-2 cleared it in front of the people who write requirements.

The competitive weight follows the money. Helsing raised at an $18bn valuation last month, so a European AI drone now carries both capital and US Army validation. The American autonomous-strike incumbent has built its case on being the default Western supplier; a foreign drone performing this well in front of US evaluators is the scenario that case did not obviously have to address. Caveats hold. One exercise is not a programme of record, the funded procurement line that turns a trial into orders, and a single contested run proves capability rather than scale. The result still puts a non-US strike drone on a US Army scoreboard for the first time.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Helsing is a German company that makes a type of drone called a loitering munition: it flies to an area, waits for a target, and then strikes it. This kind of drone has been used extensively in the Ukraine war. The US Army tested Helsing's HX-2 drone at a training ground in Lithuania. They jammed GPS signals and communication systems to make conditions as difficult as possible, then scored how many targets the drone hit. It hit 15 out of 17. That result matters because it happened under official US Army conditions scored by US soldiers, rather than in a vendor-run demonstration. Clearing a US military test is a documented prerequisite for entry into the world's largest defence procurement pipeline.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

Two structural gaps explain why the US Army evaluated a German drone rather than relying on domestic alternatives.

First, the US autonomous-strike sector has concentrated its investment above the loitering-munition tier. Anduril's Roadrunner interceptor and Fury combat aircraft both operate in the $100,000-$500,000 unit-cost band. The HX-2 sits below that at a price point designed to enable mass attrition tactics drawn from the Ukrainian theatre. No US programme of record has filled that band with an AI-autonomous system; Helsing entered a gap that the US industrial base had not yet addressed.

Second, V Corps' Project Flytrap exercise structure was specifically designed to accelerate adoption of non-US systems that have combat validation from Ukraine.

The exercise mandate to test in GPS-denied and electronic-warfare-contested conditions was written after the Lithuanian government lobbied SACEUR for NATO-eastern-flank trials to reflect the actual threat environment rather than the permissive conditions of exercises held inside the continental US. Helsing's combat record in Ukraine made it a natural candidate for the first non-US entry.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    V Corps' Project Flytrap result gives Helsing a credible US evaluation credential that Nordic, Baltic, and Central European defence ministries will use as a procurement reference point, accelerating non-German NATO adoption without requiring a US programme of record.

    Short term · Reported
  • Risk

    US procurement would require Helsing to either navigate the Foreign Military Sales process or enter a co-production agreement with a US prime, both of which compress margins and dilute the revenue assumptions inside the $18bn valuation.

    Medium term · Assessed
  • Opportunity

    If Anduril's loitering-munition gap persists through 2027, Helsing could enter the US market as a sub-tier supplier to a US prime integrator rather than as a direct competitor, preserving its European revenue base while adding US volume.

    Long term · Suggested
First Reported In

Update #12 · Pentagon's drone buy lands a third short

Army Recognition· 15 Jun 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
EDGE Group
EDGE Group
EDGE took control of Italian engine maker CMD in October and signed exploratory USV memorandums with Novamarine and Abu Dhabi Ship Building in early November. It is assembling an Italian hull and engine supply chain around Emirati autonomy, with no customer named.
Japan Ministry of Defense
Japan Ministry of Defense
Nikkei reported on 29 October that the ministry will start research in fiscal 2027 towards mass-producing underwater drones for detection and attack, with prototypes by fiscal 2035. The stated aim is to deter China's growing submarine fleet with fewer sailors at risk.
Kongsberg Discovery
Kongsberg Discovery
Kongsberg received a $54m DIU modification, mainly for AUV deliveries, and Camilla Kiss said the unit has signed 1.7bn Norwegian kroner of AUV contracts in 2026. The Norwegian maker sells into the US market as an established production line.
Elbit Systems
Elbit Systems
Elbit bought ISE of Vancouver, maker of more than 250 AUVs, on 20 October for a price it called not material. The Israeli group adds an underwater vehicle line to its naval business.
Defense Acquisition Program Administration
Defense Acquisition Program Administration
DAPA's 179th committee cleared a 591bn won mine-warfare USV programme on 6 November, alongside the Jangbogo-N nuclear submarine. HD Hyundai's Long Beach trial with Anduril shows Korean industry pitching hulls abroad while Seoul funds its own.
Finland National Emergency Supply Agency
Finland National Emergency Supply Agency
NESA opened an €11m competition on 4 November for radiation-sensing drones and ground robots, including quadrupeds, for the EU's rescEU stockpile. It is a civil-protection buyer using open tender, with a decision expected in March 2027.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.