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Iran Conflict 2026
23JUL

Brent's worst month since the Covid crash

3 min read
19:27UTC

Brent Crude settled at $92.05 on Friday 29 May, down more than 19% across the month, its steepest monthly fall since the March 2020 Covid crash, on deal optimism alone.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Futures and war-risk insurers read the same war apart: oil down nearly a fifth, yet Lloyd's unchanged.

Brent Crude settled at $92.05 per barrel on Friday 29 May, down more than 19% across May, its steepest monthly fall since the March 2020 Covid crash⁠1. That is roughly $20 below the $112.10 peak of Monday 18 May, a drop booked in 11 trading sessions, the fastest repricing of the conflict. WTI (West Texas Intermediate), the US oil benchmark, closed near $87.86.

The fall came on diplomatic optimism alone, with no instrument signed. Brent is the global price benchmark for two-thirds of traded crude, so the relief at the pump rests on a deal that could still collapse.

Two markets are reading the same war and pricing it apart. Futures price the probability of a signed page, and traders have bet heavily on one arriving. War-risk underwriters require the page itself. Lloyd's of London has still not de-listed Hormuz from its war-risk register, holding the divergence it opened when Brent first broke $100.

When Iranian state television aired draft terms on Wednesday 27 May, Brent briefly touched a sub-$95 low before a White House denial reversed it. Friday's settle went lower and stayed there. The deal-optimism premium is unhedged against an unsigned outcome, so a collapse would reverse the move faster than the original war spike built it.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Brent Crude is the main global oil price benchmark, used to set the cost of petrol, diesel, and heating oil worldwide. In May 2026 it fell more than 19%, its steepest monthly drop since March 2020 when Covid stopped most economic activity. Traders became optimistic about a deal to reopen the strait of Hormuz, pushing prices down. Trump walked out of his Situation Room meeting without signing it. Lloyd's of London, which insures ships sailing through the strait, kept its 'war-risk' designation in place: that designation requires shipping companies to pay tens of millions of dollars in extra insurance per voyage. Lloyd's changes that designation only when a government certifies the area is safe, not when traders feel optimistic. The result is a $20 gap between what futures markets think and what shipping insurers think.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

Brent's 19% monthly fall reflects a single pricing event: the market's belief, from 27 May, that a Hormuz reopening was days away. Oil futures markets reprice on probability estimates, not on signed documents. The $20 fall in 11 sessions is the market assigning roughly 70-80% probability to a near-term deal, based on the volume of diplomatic signals and the public statements from both sides.

Lloyd's and the futures market diverge because they face different update mechanisms. A futures desk resets its position in milliseconds on a headline. A Lloyd's Joint Hull Committee changes its war-risk designation on a quarterly review cycle, requiring physical evidence of changed security conditions, not optimistic commentary. The two institutions are pricing the same strait but on entirely different information-update schedules.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    A deal collapse reprices Brent from $92 toward $110-$115 with no hedging floor in place, as the entire $20 fall was deal-optimism premium rather than supply recovery.

  • Consequence

    European hauliers and airline fuel desks that locked forward contracts during the $92-$95 window face margin exposure if the kinetic track resumes.

First Reported In

Update #113 · Trump signs nothing as a Hellfire hits a hull

CNBC· 31 May 2026
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Different Perspectives
Wang Yi
Wang Yi
China's foreign minister and Djibouti's issued a joint communique on 21 October saying the war should not reach the Horn of Africa and stressing free navigation through Bab al-Mandeb. The text names neither Iran nor the Houthis, and Djibouti hosts China's only overseas military base, opposite the Yemeni coast.
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of External Affairs
India's foreign ministry called the attacks on Saudi civilian and energy sites "unacceptable" on 22 October and said they must stop at once. An Indian died at Dammam, Indians were injured there and at Shaybah, and about 4,000 Umrah pilgrims remain stranded by one MP's count.
Iraq
Iraq
Iraq closed the al-Sheeb crossing with Iran to travellers and trucks from 21 October and said other crossings would close gradually. Unlike September's closure, which ended on a staged timetable, this one has none, and Iran's interior ministry said it received no notice.
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Egypt's president said on 21 October that Cairo's support would "defend Saudi territory, and does not include an attack on Yemen". Araghchi warned that Egyptian involvement would further complicate the situation, and Cairo's limit matches the one Ankara set on 8 October against attacking another state's soil.
UK Ministry of Defence
UK Ministry of Defence
The MoD said on 20 October that RAF Typhoons over Saudi Arabia will not strike the Houthis, but extended tanker support to Saudi operations including against Houthi targets in Yemen. The tanker line sets no limit on strikes, so British aircraft may now refuel Saudi jets on bombing runs.
Turkey
Turkey
Ankara sent the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement to parliament around 20 October, and its published text treats an attack on one party as an attack on all. Article 16 brings it into force only on the last ratification, so the 5 October invocation in Riyadh could not yet bind Turkey.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.