Samara

Samara's pumping stations are the Russian end of the Druzhba pipeline, and Kyiv has used them as leverage. Ukraine repaired its own section of Druzhba on 21 April, oil reached Hungary on 22 April, and Viktor Orbán dropped his veto on the EU's €90bn Ukraine loan, which the Council approved on 23 April. Ukrainian drones then hit the Samara dispatch station.

The campaign returned in October. Overnight on 1-2 October drones hit an oil-pumping complex in Samara region, and the General Staff later reported 14 large storage tanks damaged; the Samara hits Fed into Kyiv's 4 October claim that half of Russian refining was out of action. The Associated Press could not verify that figure.

Samara Oblast's refining capacity took repeated hits in the spring. On 20 and 21 April Ukrainian SSU drones destroyed five 20,000-cubic-metre crude tanks at the Samara station, more than 750km inside Russia.

A month later the Syzran refinery in the oblast was hit on 21 May and shut on 25 May, the 11th Russian refinery struck that month. The plant supplies fuel to the Russian Air Force, which made it a military target as well as an economic one. Reuters reported on 20 May that strikes had halted or cut operations at nearly every major refinery in central Russia.