Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
US Midterms 2026
22OCT

Justices keep Missouri on its 2022 map

3 min read
20:36UTC

The Supreme Court stayed the 8th Circuit on 25 September and barred lower courts from forcing Missouri onto its 2025 map, so overseas ballots already mailed on the old lines stand.

PoliticsAssessed
Key takeaway

Missouri's 2022 congressional map governs 3 November, and ballots already mailed on it stand.

The Supreme Court on 25 September stayed the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals' 21 September mandate and 22 September order in People Not Politicians v. Onder (application 26A388), with no noted dissent⁠1. A mandate is the formal order sending an appeal ruling back to the trial court. Lower courts "should not order or otherwise require Missouri to use the 2025 map in the 2026 congressional election", the Court wrote.

Missouri's 2022 map therefore governs 3 November. The overseas and military ballots the state began mailing on those lines on 18 September stand without reissue. The 2022 lines are expected to elect six Republicans and two Democrats; the 2025 map, House Bill 1, was drawn for seven and one.

This per curiam opinion, issued in the Court's name rather than a named justice's, is the first of its Missouri orders to give reasons. Its 10 September order had stayed a restraining order from Chief Judge Stephen R. Clark of the federal court in eastern Missouri, who had pointed the state at the 2025 map. The new opinion rejects the 8th Circuit's reading of the Purcell principle, the doctrine that warns federal courts off changing rules close to a vote. "The election is not merely upcoming; it has already started," the Court wrote.

The opinion puts the confusion at the door of Secretary of State Denny Hoskins, whom the state's own Supreme Court held in civil contempt on 10 September, a finding later purged. Citing Maggard v. State, a Missouri Supreme Court decision of May 2026, the Court wrote that Hoskins "was well aware that conducting the August primary election with the 2025 map carried significant risks". He ran the primary on House Bill 1 anyway.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Every ten years states redraw the districts that elect members of the US House of Representatives. Missouri's Republican legislature drew a new map in 2025, called HB 1, partly to win an extra seat. Opponents gathered signatures to put HB 1 to a public vote, and Missouri's courts paused it. The state's top election official ran the August primary on the new map anyway. A federal appeals court then ordered the new map for November. The US Supreme Court overruled that. Its rule, named after a 2006 case called Purcell, says courts should not change election rules once voting is close or under way. Missouri had already mailed ballots on the old 2022 map, so the old map stays.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

Missouri passed HB 1 in 2025 as a mid-decade redraw, then a referendum petition and state-court rulings suspended it. Hoskins ran the August primary on HB 1 anyway. The Missouri Supreme Court later held him in civil contempt, later purged, for breaching its suspension order .

That left two maps with competing claims. HB 1 had a primary behind it, while the 2022 map had state-court backing and printed general-election ballots. Federal courts were asked to choose between them after the 19 September overseas ballot deadline had passed.

the Court's two earlier orders, including its 10 September stay of Chief Judge Clark's restraining order , had already signalled the answer. The 25 September opinion was the first to give reasons.

Escalation

Settled for 2026. The order bars lower courts from requiring the 2025 map in this election, which ends the federal route to HB 1 before 3 November. The state-court referendum fight over HB 1 continues for 2028.

What could happen next?
  • Precedent

    A state official who runs a primary on a contested map cannot rely on Purcell to keep that map for the general election.

  • Consequence

    Ann Wagner defends Missouri's 2nd District on its 2022 lines, which Sabato's Crystal Ball describes as a Trump +8 seat rather than the Trump +11 version in HB 1.

First Reported In

Update #19 · Bulk voter citizenship checks are back

Supreme Court of the United States· 1 Oct 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
Judge Adolf Zeman, Alaska Superior Court
Judge Adolf Zeman, Alaska Superior Court
Zeman refused to dismiss the League of Women Voters, Alaska Black Caucus and ACLU of Alaska suit over the state giving DOJ its unredacted voter list. The privacy claims now go to evidence-gathering under the Alaska Constitution.
Judge Thomas Schroeder, US District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina
Judge Thomas Schroeder, US District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina
Schroeder refused on 19 October to block the State Board of Elections rule that rejects mail ballots with an unsealed or missing inner envelope. He found the challengers had delayed and that relief was infeasible with voting under way, and pointed to notice-and-cure provisions as a safeguard.
Stephen Richer, Republican former Maricopa County recorder
Stephen Richer, Republican former Maricopa County recorder
Richer submitted a brief on 20 October supporting the voting groups on documentary proof of citizenship at registration. He takes no position on the separate 90-day voter-removal question.
Senate Leadership Fund
Senate Leadership Fund
The Senate Leadership Fund began spending for interim Senator Darline Graham Nordone on 19 October, taking its South Carolina total to $4.06m, including $2.25m against Democrat Annie Andrews. Republicans are now paying to defend a seat in a state Donald Trump carried in 2024.
WinSenate, the ad-buying affiliate of Senate Majority PAC
WinSenate, the ad-buying affiliate of Senate Majority PAC
WinSenate began buying Kansas airtime against Roger Marshall on 10 October and had reported $8.14m there by 20 October. Marshall held $922,088 in cash on 30 September and the NRSC gave him no party money in September, so the Democratic side is spending where the Republican committee has not.
County Board of Arlington County
County Board of Arlington County
Arlington says federal Polling Place Policies allowing armed agents at polling sites breach 18 USC 592, the 1865 ban on troops or armed men at an election. It reads Markwayne Mullin's 1 September remarks as confirming such a policy, and asks Judge Brinkema to keep armed federal staff from its polls and drop boxes.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.