25MAR

Russia's windfall month, and the cracks

3 min read

04:20UTC

Russia's oil and gas revenue jumped 32.4% year-on-year in May, yet at his St Petersburg forum Deputy PM Novak cut the 2026 growth forecast to 0.4% and bosses aired the strain.

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Key takeaway

Russia's May oil revenue rose 32.4%, yet Novak cut 2026 growth to 0.4% as the windfall fades.

Russia's oil and gas revenue jumped 32.4% year-on-year in May, to 678.9bn rubles, a sharp reversal from the 38.3% Jan-April fall reported last week ¹. The cause was the Hormuz disruption from the Iran war, which pushed Urals crude to nearly $97 a barrel on average; by 4 June Urals had already fallen back to $87.40, unwinding the windfall. The May total still leaves Russia below its full-year revenue pace, on top of a Q1 deficit that already overshot the whole-year target .

The candour came from Russia's own boardrooms. At the forum, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak cut the 2026 GDP growth forecast to 0.4%, from 1.3%; Severstal chairman Alexei Mordashov disclosed a 24% cut to capital spending and negative cash flow; and Aeon founder Roman Trotsenko said "the old model has stopped working" ².

Brussels moved to lock in the squeeze: the EU's 21st sanctions package, due this week, would freeze the oil price cap to stop Russia capturing exactly the kind of windfall May delivered. GL 134C, the US Treasury licence that lets Russian crude keep reaching global buyers, expires on 17 June with no successor in sight, leaving the decisive move to Washington, and at $87 a barrel the market-stability rationale Treasury used for past extensions is thinner than it was.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Russia earns most of its war funding from selling oil and gas. May 2026 was a good revenue month because the Iran war had pushed oil prices up globally, and that lifted what Russia earns per barrel even while it sells fewer barrels due to Western sanctions and Ukrainian strikes. But that price boost is already fading: Urals crude (the Russian variety) dropped from around $97 in May back to $87.40 by early June. At SPIEF, Russia's annual St Petersburg investor conference, Severstal chairman Alexei Mordashov disclosed a 24% cut to capital spending and negative cash flow, and Aeon founder Roman Trotsenko said the old economic model has stopped working. GL 134C is a US Treasury waiver that lets global buyers purchase Russian crude; it expires on 17 June with no replacement announced, which would tighten the sanctions net further.

Deep Analysis

Root Causes

Russia's pre-war economic model relied on Western technology imports for capital goods, Western financial clearing for oil revenue, and domestic credit at moderate rates. All three channels have been disrupted since 2022.

The Mordashov 24% capex cut at Severstal reflects the broader freeze in industrial investment: at 16-21% Central Bank interest rates, borrowing to invest is prohibitive for any project with a payback period over two years. GL 134C's 17 June expiry is the third consecutive 30-day waiver; its non-renewal would remove the legal pathway for third-country Russian crude buyers.

What could happen next?

Risk
GL 134C expiry on 17 June without a successor would remove the legal pathway for third-country Russian crude purchases, tightening the sanctions net and potentially driving another short-term price spike.
Consequence
Novak's 0.4% GDP forecast represents the Russian government's own admission that wartime substitution spending is no longer generating growth, which removes the economic legitimacy argument Putin uses domestically.

Source Landscape

This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Primary parallel: The Soviet Union sustained high military expenditure through the 1980s at the cost of consumer goods shortages and accumulating structural debt; the Gorbachev-era admission that 'the old model has stopped working' preceded collapse by six years.

Counter-parallel: Iran sustained its economy under decades of US sanctions by pivoting to shadow trade networks and barter arrangements, suggesting that a sanctioned petrostate can persist longer than Western models project.

At $87.40/barrel Urals and 8,150 drones fired in May at an estimated $20,000-$50,000 each, Russia is spending $163-$408 million per month on drone production alone against a total monthly oil revenue run rate of roughly 550-600bn rubles (approximately $6bn at current exchange rates). The war-spending share of the federal budget reached an estimated 33% in 2026.

Structurally, the National Welfare Fund's liquid assets have been drawn down from $182bn pre-war to an estimated $12-15bn by mid-2026 (per Reshetnikov's April 2026 projection, . At current drawdown rates, the liquid cushion runs out by late 2026 or early 2027, forcing a choice between tax rises, ruble devaluation, or war-spending cuts.

Consensus view: Chris Weafer at Macro-Advisory assessed that Russia's fiscal position remains structurally deteriorating: the May revenue bounce is a one-off Hormuz artefact, and Novak's 0.4% GDP forecast cut, combined with Severstal's negative cash flow disclosure, shows the wartime economy has reached the limits of its substitution model.

Counter-view: Janis Kluge at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs argued that Russia's budget can sustain the war at current expenditure levels through 2026 even at $87/barrel Urals, because the Central Bank's high interest rates are compressing domestic demand rather than triggering the fiscal crisis Western analysts expected.

Key tension: Whether Russia's 2026 budget deficit compounds fast enough to force a strategic choice between war spending and social stability, or whether the Kremlin can sustain 2026 spending targets by drawing down the National Welfare Fund's remaining liquid reserves.

Sources:Pravda USA (citing Russian Ministry of Finance)·Pravda USA (citing Russian Ministry of Finance)·The Moscow Times

Mentions:Alexander Novak →European Union →Russia →St Petersburg International Economic Forum →St Petersburg →Kremlin →Brussels →Iran →Washington →Urals →US Treasury →Alexei Mordashov →Roman Trotsenko →Severstal →Aeon →General License 134C →

First Reported In

Update #19 · Ukraine burns the Baltic Fleet at Kronstadt

Pravda USA (citing Russian Ministry of Finance)· 9 Jun 2026

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Causes and effects

This Event

Russia's windfall month, and the cracks

A Hormuz-driven price spike padded one month's books, but the GDP cut, a 24% Severstal capex cut and the 17 June US waiver cliff show the windfall is already unwinding.

Led to

Russia oil revenue -38% as Q1 deficit hits ceiling

Russia's May revenue rebound reverses the Jan-Apr 38.3% YoY fall (ID:3269) as a Hormuz-driven artefact; the underlying structural shortfall flagged by Novak's GDP cut persists.

Occurred 8 May 2026

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Russia Blows Annual Deficit Target in One Quarter

The Q1 deficit overshoot (ID:3563) and the May revenue bump together bound Russia's fiscal position; the Novak GDP forecast cut confirms deterioration continues despite the windfall.

Occurred 7 May 2026

Read story →

Different Perspectives

Markets

Brent crude rose 2.2 per cent to $96.34 on 10 June, reversing a 7 per cent weekly decline built on deal optimism, as the overnight exchange repriced the Strait of Hormuz risk premium in a single session. The move reflects transit-risk repricing rather than supply shock: Iran's exports had already collapsed to below 300,000 barrels per day.

Pakistan

Pakistan's Naqvi channel, the only mediation track carrying both civilian and military buy-in, was stress-tested by live ordnance within 48 hours of the 6-7 June Tehran visit. Whether Washington informed Islamabad of the imminent strike plan while Naqvi was in Tehran remains undisclosed, putting the channel's neutrality under scrutiny.

Kuwait

Kuwait hosted the third Iranian strike on its soil since the 3 June airport drone attack, with Ali Al Salem airbase targeted in the three-country salvo. Its recent $1.98 billion Anduril Anvil counter-drone purchase signals it is rearming rather than reconsidering its hosting posture.

Bahrain

Bahrain absorbed the IRGC barrage via PAC-3 intercepts with its magazine already at 87 per cent depletion and no resupply before 2027. Sounding air-raid sirens over Manama, it faced the intercept burden with the thinnest defensive stack in the Gulf coalition.

Jordan

Jordan reported all five incoming missiles intercepted with no injuries and no damage, a clean defensive performance that strengthens Amman's case for staying in the Western coalition without escalating its own posture. It now sits on Iran's target list for the first time despite not being a party to the Abraham Accords confrontation.

Iran / IRGC

Foreign Minister Araghchi posted on X that US forces should 'leave our region if you want to be safe' and framed the exchange as a US defeat, while the IRGC claimed 21 targets hit and an F-35 hangar destroyed. The claims serve a domestic and Arab-audience framing rather than a verified battle-damage assessment.