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Hengaw documents five-prison execution cluster; Gorgan appears for first time

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Hengaw documented seven executions on 13 May across five prisons in Birjand, Tabriz, Kerman, and Gorgan, with Gorgan appearing in the wartime register for the first time and Ehsan Afrashteh's secret execution on espionage charges confirmed.

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Key takeaway

Five simultaneous executions across four cities imply central standing orders; Gorgan's first appearance shows the programme widening.

Hengaw, the Norway-based Kurdish human rights monitor that has become the principal independent casualty tracker for the 2026 Iran conflict, documented seven executions across five prisons on 13 May ¹. Five unnamed prisoners were executed simultaneously in prisons in Birjand (South Khorasan province), Tabriz, Kerman, and Gorgan (two in Gorgan); Mohammad Abbasi was executed in a separate action the same day. Ehsan Afrashteh's secret execution on espionage charges was confirmed as part of the cluster Hengaw first reported on 12-13 May .

Gorgan, capital of Golestan province in Iran's north-east, appeared in Hengaw's wartime execution register for the first time. Previous documentation by Hengaw had mapped a geographic concentration in the Tehran region, anchored by the Shakourzadeh execution at Qezel Hesar prison in Karaj and the earlier Karaj cluster. Gorgan's first appearance, 600 km north-east of Tehran, indicates the programme is broadening geographically rather than remaining concentrated by proximity to the capital's judicial infrastructure.

The coordination visible in the five-prison cluster is not a feature of Iran's peacetime judicial system. Simultaneous executions across prisons in four cities in a single day imply centrally issued standing orders rather than independent provincial court calendars, each operating on its own sentencing timeline. The IRGC's security apparatus has been using the war as judicial cover for a category of detainee held before the conflict began: the espionage charging pattern, "Israel-linked moharebeh" (enmity against God), has now appeared in cases from Mashhad to Karaj. The 13 May cluster adds Gorgan to that register.

The Shahbakhsh-Afrashteh cluster plus the five unnamed prisoners on 13 May add at least eight to Hengaw's wartime count across the 12-13 May window. The total wartime execution register has risen sharply since the Shakourzadeh documentation established the Tehran-area baseline.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Hengaw, a human rights group based in Norway that tracks executions in Iran, documented seven people killed in prisons on 13 May. Five were executed at the same time across four different cities, which is unusual: normally each prison runs on its own schedule. A city called Gorgan, far north-east of Tehran, appeared in Hengaw's records for the first time. The pattern suggests someone issued a central order for multiple prisons to act on the same day, using the cover of the war and a nationwide internet shutdown to limit outside scrutiny.

Deep Analysis

Root Causes

The IRGC security apparatus operates a category of detainee held before the conflict began, arrested under the 2022-2023 Mahsa Amini protest wave and charged with espionage-for-Israel through the "moharebeh and Israel" charging pattern that Hengaw first documented in Mashhad.

The wartime internet blackout, 1,704+ cumulative hours, provides operational cover: executions that would generate immediate diaspora and international media pressure during peacetime occur inside a communications blackout that delays confirmation by days.

Gorgan's first appearance is a geographic extension indicator: the programme is not confined to provinces near Tehran's judicial infrastructure but is operating across Iran's full provincial prison system. That geographic breadth implies a national-level coordination instruction, not a series of independently timed provincial decisions.

What could happen next?

Consequence
Gorgan's first appearance in the wartime execution register confirms the programme extends beyond the Tehran-area judicial infrastructure where Hengaw established its baseline; every provincial prison in Iran is now within the documented geographic scope of the cluster pattern.
Risk
The 1,704+ hour internet blackout suppresses the speed at which execution clusters reach international monitors; the actual number of executions in the 12-13 May window may exceed the seven Hengaw has confirmed, with further cases surfacing as blackout lifts.

Source Landscape

This story draws on centre-leaning sources from United States

United States

LeftRight

Primary parallel: The November 2019 fuel protests crackdown produced the closest comparable execution wave: Amnesty International documented 304 deaths in the protests and a subsequent concentrated execution cluster across multiple cities in the following six months, in which Hengaw and Iran HRM tracked simultaneous prison orders. The 2019 cluster used drug-conviction cover for politically motivated executions; the 2026 cluster uses espionage charges.

Counter-parallel: The 2022-2024 Mahsa Amini protest executions followed a different pattern: named individuals, public charging documents, and extended pre-execution phases that allowed diaspora and human rights groups to campaign for commutation. The 2026 cluster features unnamed prisoners executed simultaneously, which more closely resembles the 1988 prison massacres model, where anonymisation was itself an operational choice.

Consensus view: Amnesty International Iran researcher Mahsa Alimardani and the Abdorrahman Boroumand Centre's Roya Boroumand both document that simultaneous multi-prison execution clusters in Iran are operationally distinct from routine judicial process: they require a coordination signal from the central prison authority or a security body with cross-provincial jurisdiction.

Five prisons in four cities on one day points to a standing order rather than concurrent independent judicial decisions.

Counter-view: Iran Human Rights Monitor, whose methodology differs from Hengaw's, argues that apparent clustering may partly reflect documentation lag: prisons in smaller cities like Gorgan execute detainees who have been on death row for months but are only confirmed and reported when a corroborating source contacts the monitor. The geographic spread may predate the 13 May cluster by weeks.

Key tension: Whether the five-prison simultaneous pattern reflects a genuine centrally-issued standing order for the 13 May date, or whether documentation timing creates an apparent cluster from executions that were individually scheduled across a broader period.

Sources:Jewish Insider

Mentions:Hengaw →Mohammad Abbasi →Ehsan Afrashteh →Birjand →Tabriz →Kerman →Gorgan →Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) →Karaj →Norway →Iran Human Rights →Mahsa Amini →Amnesty International →Israel →Iran →Mashhad →Mahsa Alimardani →Tehran →

First Reported In

Update #97 · Chips for Beijing, no paper for Iran

Jewish Insider· 14 May 2026

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Causes and effects

Caused by

Iran: three secret hangings, 11-13 May

The 13 May five-prison cluster is a continuation and confirmation of the 48-hour Shahbakhsh-Afrashteh cluster Hengaw first reported on 12-13 May.

Occurred 12 May 2026

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Hengaw documents secret execution of aerospace researcher

The Shakourzadeh execution at Qezel Hesar established the Tehran-area cluster pattern that the 13 May multi-prison spread now geographically extends.

Occurred 11 May 2026

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This Event

Hengaw documents five-prison execution cluster; Gorgan appears for first time

The five-prison simultaneous cluster is the largest single-day geographic spread of executions Hengaw has documented in this conflict; Gorgan's first appearance indicates the programme is broadening beyond the Tehran-area concentration rather than contracting.

Led to

Reza Soleimani executed at Qom Central

The seven executions Hengaw documented on 13 May directly preceded the two further executions on 15 May, continuing the multi-day cluster pattern.

Occurred 15 May 2026

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Hengaw documents Bevara, Mamousi in Iran arrests

The 13 May seven-prison execution day (ID:3293) provides the escalating judicial backdrop to the ongoing northwestern Kurdish arrest wave

Occurred 17 May 2026

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Different Perspectives

Shipping and war-risk insurers

War-risk premiums for Hormuz transits reached 3 to 10 per cent of hull value on 17 July, against 0.25 per cent before the war, as Brent cleared $87 and daily transits fell to eight vessels. Underwriters are pricing the confirmed UKMTO mine near the Traffic Separation Scheme, not the IRGC's unconfirmed 18 July mining claim, which CENTCOM called false.

Oman

Abbas Araghchi led an Iranian delegation to Oman-hosted talks in Muscat on 18 July, an agenda confined to reopening the Strait of Hormuz and nothing else. Oman's decades of studied neutrality make it the one channel neither Washington nor Tehran needs to be seen initiating, and that narrowness is what lets it survive the bombing.

Kuwait

Kuwait's electricity ministry asked residents to ration water and power after the IRGC set Shuaiba's generating units alight on 17 July, the second Kuwaiti site struck in two days. The country draws 90 per cent of its drinking water from plants sharing power infrastructure, so one strike reaches every tap in the hottest weeks of the year.

Jordan

Amman still reports no casualties or damage of its own from the 17 July attack even as CENTCOM confirmed two American dead on the same runway, a line it has not amended since. Hosting the base that produced the war's first US fatalities puts Jordan's decades-old defence arrangement with Washington under a domestic scrutiny it has not faced before.

Tehran / Artesh and AEOI

Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation called the alleged Darkhovin strike a violation of international law, while the Artesh put Operation Saeqeh, its campaign against Kuwait, Jordan and Bahrain, at phases 14 and 15 by 18 July. Domestic outlets Fars and Tabnak claim 16 Americans dead since February, a toll no source outside Iran supports.

CENTCOM / Washington

CENTCOM confirmed two dead and one missing at Muwaffaq Salti on 17 July, when Jordan says its air defences intercepted eight of ten incoming missiles, against five of five stopped on 10 June. Its own strikes stay aimed at Iran's coast, interior and navy, not the Artesh campaign that killed them.