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Autonomous Systems: Land & Sea
24JUN

One control standard for EU war robots

2 min read
16:13UTC

iMUGS2, the EU's 29-partner ground-robot programme, will finish with a three-day exercise in Norway in 2028, Shephard Media reported on 11 August. A third stage is already under consideration.

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Key takeaway

Europe will test one shared control standard for military ground robots in Norway in 2028.

iMUGS2, the second stage of the EU's Integrated Modular Unmanned Ground System programme, will conclude with a three-day exercise in Norway in 2028, Shephard Media reported on 11 August, with a third stage already under consideration⁠1. The consortium launched in November 2025 and runs to 29 partners across 15 EU countries, coordinated by Estonia's Milrem Robotics, with KNDS France, KNDS Germany, Diehl Defence, Safran Electronics and Defense and Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace among the named participants⁠2.

An uncrewed ground vehicle (UGV) is a driverless land robot, used for resupply, scouting and casualty evacuation. Fifteen national fleets bought separately will each arrive with their own controller, their own radio waveform and their own map format. A Latvian operator cannot then drive a Dutch vehicle when the Dutch one is the one still running. Writing a shared control standard early is cheap; retrofitting one across fielded fleets is not.

The factories opened before the standard did. Milrem started a THeMIS production line with VDL Defentec at Born in the Netherlands in June and signed two non-binding memoranda at Eurosatory a fortnight later. Kongsberg now sits inside the land programme as well as the undersea contest it entered in June, giving one Norwegian group visibility across both halves of Europe's uncrewed procurement.

A 2028 exercise date does useful work on its own. Suppliers building to a deadline they cannot miss make interface decisions two years earlier than commercial incentives would have forced them to.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

The European Union is running a programme to get different countries' militaries using robot ground vehicles that can work together, rather than each country buying incompatible robots from different manufacturers. This second stage, called iMUGS2, involves 29 organisations across 15 EU countries and is coordinated by Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company that makes one of Europe's most widely used military ground robots, the THeMIS. The stage will finish with a three-day exercise in Norway in 2028 to test whether the robots from different countries can actually operate together, and a third stage is already being discussed.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The EU's push for a common ground robot architecture exists because European militaries currently buy incompatible UGVs from national suppliers, which prevents joint logistics, shared spares and interoperable command software across coalition operations. iMUGS2's Norway exercise in 2028 tests whether that interoperability actually works in the field rather than only on paper.

Milrem Robotics coordinating a 29-partner, 15-country consortium reflects the company's position as Europe's dominant UGV maker rather than a neutral standards body, which raises the practical question of whether "common architecture" ends up meaning "THeMIS-compatible architecture".

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    Milrem Robotics coordinating the consortium that sets the common architecture creates a structural advantage for its own THeMIS platform over competing European UGV makers.

First Reported In

Update #11 · Chinese cameras in the Navy's robot boats

Shephard Media· 12 Aug 2026
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Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.