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EUA carbon breaks €80 as gas sags

4 min read

16:30UTC

EUA settled €80.73 on 25 June, its first clean break above €80, while TTF sagged to €40.75. Carbon now floors a German gas plant's marginal cost near €98/MWh whatever gas does.

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Key takeaway

Carbon sets a €98/MWh floor under German gas plants regardless of how soft gas gets.

EUA carbon settled €80.73/tonne on 25 June, its first clean break above €80⁠¹. An EUA is one permit to emit a tonne of CO2 under the EU Emissions Trading System, and every gas plant must buy them: a combined-cycle turbine pays for gas plus roughly 0.2 tonnes of carbon for each MWh it generates. The same day, the Dutch gas benchmark TTF sagged to €40.75/MWh⁠², so the two legs of generation cost pulled apart, carbon up and gas down.

Carbon now sets a hard floor under gas-fired power. At €80.73 the carbon leg alone lifts a German plant's marginal cost to roughly €98/MWh even with gas this soft. That €98 floor is the carbon component of the spark spread the heatwave blew out in the lead: when German day-ahead ran to its peak it was the gap above €98 that made the margin, and it is the same floor plants will defend once the weather premium drains.

EUA had already clawed back to €78.22 on 4 June, reversing the sell-off that followed the Commission's May ETS-benchmark revision, and the 25 June break extended that recovery on supply grounds. The annual cap falls about 180 Mt this year and CBAM keeps withdrawing free allocation, so the bid is structural rather than gas-driven. Optimism on US-Iran de-escalation and the UK-EU summit added risk appetite on top.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

The EU carbon market works by issuing a fixed number of permits to emit carbon dioxide. Every year, the total number of permits falls, making them scarcer and more expensive to buy. On 25 June, the price of one permit to emit one tonne of CO2 broke above €80 for the first time in 2026. At the same time, European gas prices fell to €40.75 per megawatt-hour because Middle East supply risks looked less severe than two weeks earlier. Carbon permits at €80.73 per tonne contributed more to gas-plant running costs than the gas fuel itself did on 25 June. Electricity from gas plants therefore stayed expensive regardless of the gas price. Steel, cement, and aluminium manufacturers also face higher compliance costs above €80 EUA, since they must buy permits for their own industrial emissions.

Deep Analysis

Root Causes

The Phase IV ETS reform package imposes a 4.4% annual cap reduction from 2023 onward, compared with 2.2% in Phase III. At 2025 verified emissions of approximately 1.33 Gt, the 2026 cap covers supply by roughly 180 Mt less than the prior year's cap, compressing banked allowance reserves that previously acted as a soft price ceiling.

CBAM's 2026 implementation removes 2.5% of free allowances for steel, cement, and aluminium sectors. These sectors previously received full allocation for their 2025 output; the 2.5% cut requires them to purchase marginal allowances at market rates, adding approximately 12-15 Mt of demand at current activity levels.

This demand is independent of power-sector or gas-price dynamics, creating a structural bid floor that TTF weakness cannot erode and that diverges from the carbon-gas correlation most spread models assume.

What could happen next?

Consequence
EUR 80.73 EUA sets a carbon-only CCGT floor near EUR 98/MWh that persists regardless of TTF direction; any TTF weakness that historically softened CCGT marginal cost is now more than offset by carbon strength, removing the gas-power correlation that most spread models price at this level.
Immediate · Assessed
Opportunity
Clean dark spreads turn structurally negative above EUR 75 EUA, removing hard-coal capacity from the German merit order and increasing gas-fired generation's share of residual load; desks holding long gas generation positions benefit from coal-to-gas switching before any TTF recovery.
Short term · Assessed
Risk
CBAM's 5% free-allocation removal in 2027 adds a further 25-30 Mt of structural demand to the EUA market; if the 2026 break above EUR 80 reflects only the 2026 2.5% CBAM tranche, the 2027 step produces a second structural bid and current Q4 2027 EUA forwards may understate the trajectory.
Medium term · Reported

Source Landscape

This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Primary parallel: The Fit for 55 EUA rally of July to December 2021 saw carbon move from €28 to €90 in five months, driven entirely by structural supply announcements (the ETS revision proposal reducing the cap path) rather than any power-sector demand signal.

That rally demonstrated the ETS market's ability to price future scarcity years ahead of the physical cap tightening; the 2026 Phase IV mechanism repeats the same structural logic with a narrower allowance supply path and a harder CBAM enforcement instrument than 2021's consultative proposals.

Counter-parallel: The 2023 EUA correction from €100 to €45 after the REPowerEU revision package triggered windfall levy fears shows that legislative signal alone does not sustain a rally above €80 if enforcement credibility is questioned.

The 2026 CBAM inclusion is a harder enforcement lever than the 2023 reform proposals, which were consultative rather than binding; however, the 2023 precedent is a live risk for any position relying on sustained €80-plus EUA as a structural base rather than a temporary breakout.

For a standard German hard-coal plant (thermal efficiency 0.40, emission intensity 0.85 tCO2/MWh), €80.73 EUA adds €68.6/MWh in carbon cost alone. Against a summer German day-ahead average near €90-100/MWh during the heatwave period, hard coal loses the power market to gas-fired generation at any carbon price above €65/t.

At €80.73 EUA and €40.75 TTF, the clean dark spread (coal net of carbon) runs roughly EUR -45/MWh while the clean spark spread remains above €50/MWh on average summer days: gas crowds out coal at every point in the July-September forward strip.

For EUA desks, the €80 break activates a non-linear dynamic in the power sector. Above €80, gas generation becomes structurally preferred over coal at all German day-ahead levels above €70/MWh, removing the coal stack as a soft price ceiling.

Carbon bulls holding Q4 EUA longs therefore benefit from a positive feedback through the summer: high EUA prices shift the merit order permanently toward gas, increasing covered-sector demand and tightening the allowance balance ahead of the compliance cycle.

Consensus view: ERCST (European Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition) tracked the 2026 ETS Phase IV structural supply tightening as the principal upward driver in its Q2 2026 Carbon Market Update, identifying three concurrent mechanisms: the Linear Reduction Factor lifting the annual cap reduction rate from 2.2% to 4.4%, CBAM's removal of 2.5% of free allocation for steel and cement, and aviation's full ETS integration removing previously exempted intra-EU flights.

ERCST assessed these three levers as independent of gas-sector demand, making the EUA price path a structural supply signal rather than a gas-power clearing proxy. EUA at €78.22 on 4 June was the clawback level from the May ETS benchmark sell-off; the €80.73 settlement on 25 June is the continuation of structural cap tightening through a new threshold.

Counter-view: Ember's June 2026 Carbon Price Outlook argued the €80 breakout overstates near-term tightening because the Innovation Fund backstop, which can release up to 450 Mt of forward allowances before 2030, provides a latent supply ceiling the market has not priced.

Ember modelled the sustainable equilibrium range at €72-78/t, with any breakout above €80 requiring a demand-side shock on the electricity sector that is not yet visible in covered-sector verified emission data for 2025.

Key tension: Whether the €80 break reflects structural Phase IV supply tightening alone or whether electricity-sector demand recovery is amplifying the move, since the two drivers have different implications for the forward carbon curve shape and the sustainability of any €80-plus level.

Sources:ICE / TradingEconomics·TradingEconomics

Mentions:EUA →TTF →CCGT →Germany →Netherlands →European Commission →REPowerEU →Iran →Ember →EU Emissions Trading System →CBAM →de-escalation →

First Reported In

Update #21 · Heat cracks the French-nuclear floor

ICE / TradingEconomics· 26 Jun 2026

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Causes and effects

Caused by

EUA carbon holds €78.22 above clawback

EUA at EUR 78.22 on 4 June was the clawback level from the May ETS-benchmark sell-off; EUR 80.73 on 25 June is the continuation of that structural cap-tightening recovery through a new threshold

Occurred 4 Jun 2026

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This Event

EUA carbon breaks €80 as gas sags

Carbon, not gas, now sets the cost floor under German gas-fired power, capping how far electricity can fall when gas is cheap.

Led to

Clean spark spread reaches €74

EUA recovering from EUR 79.25 (29 June) to EUR 80.17 (30 June) after briefly losing the EUR 80 handle set the EUR 32/MWh carbon leg that held the German spark spread below EUR 100 even at EUR 195 day-ahead power.

Occurred 30 Jun 2026

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Different Perspectives

Bulgarian government

Bulgaria's Prime Minister, Rumen Radev, said the sinking of HS Dignity "benefits the Russian Federation" while saying Bulgaria lacked solid evidence to accuse anyone, and Defence Minister Dimitar Stoyanov asked NATO for air defence on 16 October. The request comes from a government that stopped state military aid to Ukraine in June.

Radoslaw Sikorski

Poland's foreign minister challenged Elon Musk on X after SpaceX capped Ukraine's Starshield terminals on 14 October. Poland pays about $50m a year for Ukraine's Starlink subscriptions, so Warsaw speaks as the paying customer as well as the ally.

Andy Burnham

Burnham fast-tracked £10m of a £45m air-defence missile delivery when Zelenskyy visited London on 14 October, and his ministers are lobbying allies to ban maritime services for Russian liquefied natural gas. The measure targets insurers and shipowners, many of them in London, rather than the gas itself.

Ministry of External Affairs (India)

India's foreign ministry said after the 16 September House vote that New Delhi would take all necessary measures to protect its trade.

European Council

EU leaders on 15-16 October rejected a US idea to hand Washington the roughly €200bn of frozen Russian assets held in Europe, and Kaja Kallas said the decision belongs to Europeans. The same summit put off a decision on financing Ukraine, saying leaders "will revert to the issue in a timely manner".

Donald Trump

Trump signed the 16 October order that sets the Graham Act's duties and waives them under section 115(a), with a certification sent to Congress. He says the United States has not stopped sharing intelligence with Ukraine, and on 11 October he said both sides had agreed to halt attacks on energy infrastructure.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.