4JUN

Murkowski drafts Iran AUMF; Hawley ties to Day 60

3 min read

11:25UTC

Senator Lisa Murkowski is drafting an Authorization for Use of Military Force for Operation Epic Fury, and Senator Josh Hawley told Bloomberg he will push for a floor vote if the war is not over by Day 60.

← Back to Iran's drone finds Kuwait's arrivals hall Jump to analysis ↓

ConflictDeveloping

Key takeaway

The first signed Iran instrument of the war may come from Congress rather than the White House.

Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) is actively drafting an Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) for Operation Epic Fury, the US military campaign against Iran launched on 28 February 2026, per Bloomberg reporting ¹. Senator Josh Hawley (R-MO) told Bloomberg on 18 April he will push for an AUMF floor vote if the war is not over by Day 60, the 29 April War Powers Resolution (WPR) statutory deadline for congressional authorisation of military force.

Murkowski's on-record framing places Congress in the role of drafting the authorisation the White House has not produced. "There is no question the president should have sought authorization from Congress before striking Iran on this scale," she told Bloomberg; her draft would "let the American people know the limits and objectives of this military operation." Senator John Curtis (R-UT) has reviewed the text and declined to share details.

Hawley's commitment is the sequel to the fourth Senate WPR failure of 15 April, which was blocked 47-52 and in which Hawley first called publicly for an AUMF vote . The Senate Democratic WPR resolution tabled in parallel reached 13 co-sponsors heading into an expected 23 April floor vote . An AUMF would sit upstream of a WPR: authorising the war rather than demanding its end.

The path to the first signed Iran instrument of the 2026 war now runs through Congress rather than through the executive branch. That is a reframe of the Republican posture from blocking withdrawal to authorising the campaign under conditions. Even a passed WPR still requires a two-thirds override to survive a Trump veto, and the Senate's 2020 ceiling on a comparable Iran WPR was 55-45. The AUMF option reshapes the arithmetic by giving hawkish Republicans a vehicle they can vote for rather than one they must block.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

In the United States, the Constitution gives Congress the power to declare war. But presidents have often launched military actions without a formal declaration. To manage this, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in 1973, which says: if the president sends troops into combat without a congressional declaration, he has 60 days to either get congressional approval or bring the troops home. Operation Epic Fury launched on 28 February 2026. Day 60 is 29 April 2026 ; ten days away. Senator Lisa Murkowski is drafting an Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) ; a congressional vote saying 'we approve of this war, under these specific rules.' Senator Josh Hawley says he will push for a floor vote on it if the war is not over by Day 60. This matters because if Congress does not act and the president does not request an extension, the War Powers Resolution technically requires a withdrawal of forces ; though no court has ever enforced this against a sitting president.

Deep Analysis

Root Causes

The 50-day instrument-free streak documented in event-05 is the structural root cause here: by failing to produce a signed presidential instrument defining war aims, limits, or authority, the Trump administration left a legal vacuum that congressional Republicans are now attempting to fill on their own terms.

Murkowski's draft ; which explicitly states the president 'should have sought authorization' ; is not friendly legislation; it is a constitutional corrective from within the president's own party.

Hawley's Day 60 deadline (29 April) reflects the War Powers Resolution's statutory 60-day clock. That clock started on 28 February 2026 when Operation Epic Fury launched; 29 April is the date by which Congress must either authorise the operation or the president must withdraw forces absent an extension request.

What could happen next?

Risk
If Hawley's Day 60 floor vote on an AUMF fails ; as four WPR votes have already failed ; the war continues in legal limbo beyond 29 April with no congressional instrument defining its scope or limits.
Short term · 0.78
Opportunity
An AUMF with explicit parameters and limits, if passed, would give Trump's Iran campaign more durable legal authority than executive-order-free operations currently enjoy ; incentivising the White House to engage with Murkowski's draft rather than oppose it.
Short term · 0.58
Precedent
A Republican senator explicitly stating the president 'should have sought authorization' creates a within-party constitutional challenge with no equivalent since the 1973 WPR debates.
Medium term · 0.72

Source Landscape

This story draws on centre-left-leaning sources from United States

United States

Primary parallel: The 2002 Iraq AUMF was drafted partly to provide congressional cover for a war the executive was already planning ; Congress retroactively authorised force while The Administration treated the AUMF as confirmation of existing authority rather than a new grant. Murkowski's 2026 draft follows the same structural logic: the war is 50 days old, the WPR clock expires 29 April, and an AUMF would simultaneously legitimise past actions and constrain future ones.

Counter-parallel: The 2014 Obama AUMF request for Syria was never acted upon by Congress, leaving the anti-ISIS campaign running entirely under the 2001 and 2002 AUMFs for years. If Hawley's floor-vote commitment fails to materialise by 29 April, the 2026 Iran war enters the same legal limbo ; conducted under claimed residual executive authority with no specific congressional authorisation.

Consensus view: Georgetown Law's Professor Marty Lederman and former Senate Armed Services Committee counsel Andrew Shapiro both assess Murkowski's AUMF draft as legally more significant than Hawley's floor-vote commitment: an AUMF with defined parameters and limits constitutes the first attempt in 50 days to produce a signed legal instrument constraining the president's Iran war powers ; which the executive branch has not done itself.

Counter-view: The Cato Institute's John Glaser argues both the Murkowski draft and Hawley's deadline pressure are ultimately noise: Senate Republicans have voted four times to block the War Powers Resolution , and a floor vote on an AUMF with limits that Trump opposes will face the same whipping operation from party leadership.

Key tension: Whether Murkowski's AUMF is designed to pass ; defining the war legally and giving Congress ownership ; or whether its primary function is political cover, giving Republicans who oppose the WPR a constitutional instrument to vote for instead of a withdrawal mechanism.

Sources:Bloomberg

Mentions:Lisa Murkowski →Josh Hawley →Kaine-Paul War Powers Resolution →Israeli strikes (28 February 2026) →War Powers Resolution →Bloomberg →Prima →Iran →United States →White House →Syria →Iraq →AUMF →

First Reported In

Update #73 · Russia yes, Iran no: Treasury signs only one waiver

Bloomberg· 19 Apr 2026

Read original →

Causes and effects

Caused by

Hawley signals AUMF at 60-day mark

Hawley's AUMF commitment (target event) follows directly from the fourth WPR Senate failure (ID:2584) in which Hawley first publicly called for an AUMF vote.

Occurred 15 Apr 2026

Read story →

Senate WPR reaches thirteen as deadlines cluster

The Senate WPR reaching 13 co-sponsors (ID:2395) sharpened the congressional deadline pressure that now pushes Murkowski and Hawley toward an AUMF as an alternative instrument.

Occurred 13 Apr 2026

Read story →

This Event

Murkowski drafts Iran AUMF; Hawley ties to Day 60

The first signed Iran instrument of the 2026 war now looks likely to come from Congress under deadline pressure rather than from the White House, reframing the Republican posture from blocking withdrawal to authorising the campaign.

Different Perspectives

China

Beijing's MOFCOM Blocking Rules constrain OFAC enforcement on the mainland; China has not corroborated Trump's verbal account of any bilateral summit, and the rial's failure to hold its Rubio bounce, combined with the IRGC's stablecoin rail closure, increases Chinese yuan-denominated oil-payment exposure through Hormuz.

Israel

IDF Chief Zamir said on 3 June there is no ceasefire for his forces even as Israel signed the Washington Lebanon framework requiring Hezbollah withdrawal south of the Litani; a UNIFIL peacekeeper was killed by mortar near Marjayoun on the same day, exposing the gap between the diplomatic framework and a ground advance that has not stopped.

Bahrain

The IRGC struck Bahrain on 3 June as its sirens sounded and its PAC-3 magazine neared exhaustion; excluded from Rubio's 2 May emergency resupply, Bahrain received a 50-round Federal Register notice on 1 June on an 18-month delivery timeline, meaning it is defending the US Fifth Fleet headquarters on the last rounds it has.

Qatar

Qatar offered $6bn under OFAC Licence L-2 restrictions and sent Ghalibaf's delegation home empty-handed; the $6bn ceiling is a legal constraint, not a negotiating floor, and Rubio's no-sanctions-relief testimony means Qatar cannot revise it without White House action that has not been requested.

Kuwait

Kuwait expelled two Iranian diplomats within 24 hours of the airport strike, the strongest and fastest Kuwaiti diplomatic move of the conflict, while keeping the full mission in place to preserve a communication channel; it has now invoked Article 51 self-defence, filed a formal protest, and expelled diplomats, exhausting its formal toolkit short of full rupture.

United States

Trump narrated a weekend deal while the channel Rubio described under oath, Khamenei's written-only couriers with a 3-to-5-day lag, cannot answer at that speed; CENTCOM called the airport strike deliberate, calculated and unjustified. The House 215-208 vote gave Congress its first on-record war-powers position against the deployment Trump has run without a signed instrument for 96 days.