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Iran Conflict 2026
18MAY

Hengaw documents five-prison execution cluster; Gorgan appears for first time

3 min read
14:44UTC

Hengaw documented seven executions on 13 May across five prisons in Birjand, Tabriz, Kerman, and Gorgan, with Gorgan appearing in the wartime register for the first time and Ehsan Afrashteh's secret execution on espionage charges confirmed.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Five simultaneous executions across four cities imply central standing orders; Gorgan's first appearance shows the programme widening.

Hengaw, the Norway-based Kurdish human rights monitor that has become the principal independent casualty tracker for the 2026 Iran conflict, documented seven executions across five prisons on 13 May⁠1. Five unnamed prisoners were executed simultaneously in prisons in Birjand (South Khorasan province), Tabriz, Kerman, and Gorgan (two in Gorgan); Mohammad Abbasi was executed in a separate action the same day. Ehsan Afrashteh's secret execution on espionage charges was confirmed as part of the cluster Hengaw first reported on 12-13 May.

Gorgan, capital of Golestan province in Iran's north-east, appeared in Hengaw's wartime execution register for the first time. Previous documentation by Hengaw had mapped a geographic concentration in the Tehran region, anchored by the Shakourzadeh execution at Qezel Hesar prison in Karaj and the earlier Karaj cluster. Gorgan's first appearance, 600 km north-east of Tehran, indicates the programme is broadening geographically rather than remaining concentrated by proximity to the capital's judicial infrastructure.

The coordination visible in the five-prison cluster is not a feature of Iran's peacetime judicial system. Simultaneous executions across prisons in four cities in a single day imply centrally issued standing orders rather than independent provincial court calendars, each operating on its own sentencing timeline. The IRGC's security apparatus has been using the war as judicial cover for a category of detainee held before the conflict began: the espionage charging pattern, "Israel-linked moharebeh" (enmity against God), has now appeared in cases from Mashhad to Karaj. The 13 May cluster adds Gorgan to that register.

The Shahbakhsh-Afrashteh cluster plus the five unnamed prisoners on 13 May add at least eight to Hengaw's wartime count across the 12-13 May window. The total wartime execution register has risen sharply since the Shakourzadeh documentation established the Tehran-area baseline.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Hengaw, a human rights group based in Norway that tracks executions in Iran, documented seven people killed in prisons on 13 May. Five were executed at the same time across four different cities, which is unusual: normally each prison runs on its own schedule. A city called Gorgan, far north-east of Tehran, appeared in Hengaw's records for the first time. The pattern suggests someone issued a central order for multiple prisons to act on the same day, using the cover of the war and a nationwide internet shutdown to limit outside scrutiny.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The IRGC security apparatus operates a category of detainee held before the conflict began, arrested under the 2022-2023 Mahsa Amini protest wave and charged with espionage-for-Israel through the "moharebeh and Israel" charging pattern that Hengaw first documented in Mashhad.

The wartime internet blackout, 1,704+ cumulative hours, provides operational cover: executions that would generate immediate diaspora and international media pressure during peacetime occur inside a communications blackout that delays confirmation by days.

Gorgan's first appearance is a geographic extension indicator: the programme is not confined to provinces near Tehran's judicial infrastructure but is operating across Iran's full provincial prison system. That geographic breadth implies a national-level coordination instruction, not a series of independently timed provincial decisions.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    Gorgan's first appearance in the wartime execution register confirms the programme extends beyond the Tehran-area judicial infrastructure where Hengaw established its baseline; every provincial prison in Iran is now within the documented geographic scope of the cluster pattern.

  • Risk

    The 1,704+ hour internet blackout suppresses the speed at which execution clusters reach international monitors; the actual number of executions in the 12-13 May window may exceed the seven Hengaw has confirmed, with further cases surfacing as blackout lifts.

First Reported In

Update #97 · Chips for Beijing, no paper for Iran

Hengaw· 14 May 2026
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Different Perspectives
Wang Yi
Wang Yi
China's foreign minister and Djibouti's issued a joint communique on 21 October saying the war should not reach the Horn of Africa and stressing free navigation through Bab al-Mandeb. The text names neither Iran nor the Houthis, and Djibouti hosts China's only overseas military base, opposite the Yemeni coast.
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of External Affairs
India's foreign ministry called the attacks on Saudi civilian and energy sites "unacceptable" on 22 October and said they must stop at once. An Indian died at Dammam, Indians were injured there and at Shaybah, and about 4,000 Umrah pilgrims remain stranded by one MP's count.
Iraq
Iraq
Iraq closed the al-Sheeb crossing with Iran to travellers and trucks from 21 October and said other crossings would close gradually. Unlike September's closure, which ended on a staged timetable, this one has none, and Iran's interior ministry said it received no notice.
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Egypt's president said on 21 October that Cairo's support would "defend Saudi territory, and does not include an attack on Yemen". Araghchi warned that Egyptian involvement would further complicate the situation, and Cairo's limit matches the one Ankara set on 8 October against attacking another state's soil.
UK Ministry of Defence
UK Ministry of Defence
The MoD said on 20 October that RAF Typhoons over Saudi Arabia will not strike the Houthis, but extended tanker support to Saudi operations including against Houthi targets in Yemen. The tanker line sets no limit on strikes, so British aircraft may now refuel Saudi jets on bombing runs.
Turkey
Turkey
Ankara sent the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement to parliament around 20 October, and its published text treats an attack on one party as an attack on all. Article 16 brings it into force only on the last ratification, so the 5 October invocation in Riyadh could not yet bind Turkey.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.