Skip to content
Briefings are running a touch slower this week while we rebuild the foundations.See roadmap
European Energy Markets
1JUN

Four LNG terminals at lowest utilisation since 2023

2 min read
08:52UTC

IEEFA identified four EU LNG terminals recording their lowest utilisation since 2023 in Q1 2026: Panigaglia (Italy), EemsEnergy (Netherlands), Fos Cavaou (France) and Sines (Portugal).

EconomicDeveloping
Key takeaway

LNG cargo concentration at fewer hubs leaves four terminals underutilised and deepens the locational supply imbalance across the EU.

IEEFA data for Q1 2026 found four LNG terminals at their lowest utilisation since 2023: Panigaglia near La Spezia, EemsEnergy at Eemshaven in the Netherlands, Fos Cavaou in southern France, and the Sines terminal on Portugal's Atlantic coast. The finding sits alongside the Russian LNG quarterly record reported in the same dataset, which means overall import volumes rose while terminal throughput concentrated at fewer facilities.

The concentration pattern has a geographic logic. Post-Hormuz, LNG cargoes are overwhelmingly Atlantic-sourced (US at 63% of EU imports in Q1). Atlantic cargoes route preferentially to large-capacity terminals on the Atlantic and North Sea coasts: Zeebrugge, Gate Rotterdam, Montoir. Smaller or Mediterranean-facing terminals that historically received Qatari or spot Middle Eastern cargoes are losing throughput because those cargoes no longer exist in sufficient volume. The terminals recording low utilisation are precisely the ones most exposed to the loss of eastern and southern supply routes .

For infrastructure operators, low utilisation feeds directly into the revenue assumptions underpinning terminal investment cases. For gas consumers served by those terminals, lower throughput means less local supply, which reinforces the hub premium that ACER identified in Central European markets. The EU built LNG import capacity to diversify away from pipeline dependency; in practice, the new dependency concentrates at a handful of hubs.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Europe has built many specialised ports and facilities to receive tankers carrying supercooled liquid natural gas, which is then warmed up and pumped into pipelines. Four of these facilities in Italy, the Netherlands, France, and Portugal are currently running at their lowest levels since 2023, even as Russia has been shipping more gas to Europe than ever. This suggests that the gas arrivals are going to a small number of favoured ports rather than being spread across all available infrastructure, which creates a vulnerability if those preferred ports become unavailable.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    The four underutilised terminals represent latent regasification capacity that becomes immediately available for replacement LNG procurement after the 1 January 2027 Russian cargo ban, but commercial reactivation costs (maintenance, reactivation fees) have not been publicly modelled.

First Reported In

Update #13 · Storage on track by 45 GWh; one outage away

Euronews· 29 May 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
Four LNG terminals at lowest utilisation since 2023
Low utilisation alongside a Russian LNG quarterly record implies cargoes are concentrating at fewer hubs rather than distributing across the terminal estate, deepening the locational basis problem for Central European consumers.
Different Perspectives
Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp gas trading desks
Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp gas trading desks
TTF failing to sustain EUR 47-plus with 51 mcm/day of Norwegian supply offline confirms EUR 50 as a diplomatic ceiling rather than a physical floor; the curve is priced as a Troll-restart long, not a storage-deficit short. Winter Cal-26 long versus summer TTF short is the structural position FNB Gas's broken-mechanism verdict supports.
European Commission and DG Energy
European Commission and DG Energy
The Commission lowered the mandatory fill target from 90% to 80% and published the 11 May ETS benchmark revision saving industry EUR 4 billion, choosing industrial competitiveness over storage ambition at the moment physical injection margins narrowed. Berlin's confirmation of no summer injection scheme came with no Commission counter-instrument.
Hungarian and Slovak industrial offtakers
Hungarian and Slovak industrial offtakers
Hungary and Slovakia pay a EUR 2-plus delivered-gas premium over TTF benchmark prices regardless of ACER's improved pipeline-congestion reading, and both are litigating the 17 June EU pipeline ban at the CJEU (ID:3229). A post-17 June tightening of TurkStream supply would widen that basis further.
EBN and Dutch state
EBN and Dutch state
The Dutch state trebled EBN's mandate from 25 to 80 TWh, leaving EBN the sole active Dutch injector after the January auctions drew zero commercial bookings (ID:3637). The EUR 233m state budget cap is the binding cost ceiling; above-market injection at EBN is a fiscal transfer, not a market outcome.
CRE and French gas operators
CRE and French gas operators
France's 100% mandatory CRE booking order is carrying French injection regardless of the inverted strip, providing EU aggregate cover that Germany's abolished levy cannot supply. The order renews annually on CRE decision, making it a political risk rather than a structural guarantee.
FNB Gas and German TSOs
FNB Gas and German TSOs
FNB Gas formally declared the market-based storage-refill framework broken on 27 May, citing zero-clearing January auctions, ten days after Berlin ruled out any summer injection scheme. The intervention sets the institutional predicate for reintroducing a storage levy; the Gasspeicherumlage precedent (2022-25) confirms the administrative path is open.