R-360 Neptune
Ukrainian anti-ship cruise missile adapted to strike land targets.
Ukraine fired R-360 Neptune missiles at Borisoglebsk air base, inside Russia, in the night before 15 October 2026. The General Staff said all six Su-34M fighter-bombers there were damaged, a claim Reuters could not verify.
Last refreshed: 18 October 2026 · Appears in 1 active topic
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Timeline for R-360 Neptune
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Russia-Ukraine War 2026Background
The R-360 Neptune is a Ukrainian cruise missile, developed by the Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv from the Soviet Kh-35. It was first tested in 2016 and entered naval service in March 2021 as a coastal anti-ship weapon with a range of about 300km.
Ukraine says two Neptunes hit the Russian cruiser Moskva in April 2022, sinking it; Russia said a fire set off munitions on board and the ship sank under tow. A land-attack version followed in 2023, and Kyiv says a longer-range variant can reach 1,000km.
The missile is now one of Ukraine's main tools for hitting military targets inside Russia. Its October 2026 strike on Borisoglebsk air base went after Su-34M bombers parked on the ground.
Neptune reaches Russian air bases
Ukraine fired Neptune missiles at Borisoglebsk air base, in Russia's Voronezh region, during the night before its 15 October 2026 drone strike on a Ryazan refinery. The General Staff said every Su-34M on the base suffered "damage of varying degrees". Reuters verified satellite imagery of destruction at the airfield but not the aircraft claim.
Neptune entered service in March 2021 to sink ships in the Black Sea; at Borisoglebsk it was aimed at the jets that drop Russia's guided glide bombs. The strike also came as Kyiv declared itself done with the energy truce, putting Neptune into Ukraine's resumed long-range campaign against targets inside Russia.
What is the Neptune missile?
Did a Neptune missile sink the Moskva?
What did Neptune missiles hit in October 2026?
Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Updated 18 October 2026. Editorial standards.