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Pandemics and Biosecurity
21JUL

No country yet screens DNA orders

3 min read
09:12UTC

Sixty-nine technology and security figures urged the US Congress to mandate screening of synthetic DNA orders under S.3741, a check no country anywhere currently requires.

ScienceDeveloping
Key takeaway

No country requires screening of synthetic DNA orders, so providers can build pathogen fragments with no legal duty to check.

Sixty-nine figures from technology and national security urged the US Congress in June to require screening of synthetic DNA orders against a federal list of dangerous sequences 1. Synthetic DNA is the made-to-order assembly of genetic material that a laboratory can buy by mail; screening means checking an order against a watchlist before a provider builds and ships it. The Biosecurity Modernization and Innovation Act (S.3741), introduced on 29 January, would make that check mandatory for US gene-synthesis providers.

No country anywhere currently mandates such screening, so a provider can fulfil an order for a fragment of a dangerous pathogen with no legal duty to ask what it is being assembled toward. S.3741 would close that duty for US providers, routing flagged orders to the federal level for review.

The harder problem sits below the bill, and the bill does not resolve it: the screening methods now in use can be worked around, by splitting an order across providers or by ordering sequences that are individually benign but dangerous in combination. A mandate written loosely could therefore certify a check that does not actually hold, giving the appearance of control without the substance. The governance gap sits alongside the WHO antimicrobial-resistance plan agreed in May as a structural biosecurity deficit no current international agreement closes. The right frame here is oversight of a dual-use technology, not a verdict on any company.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Gene synthesis companies sell made-to-order stretches of DNA, the genetic code that organisms are built from. A research lab can order the genetic sequence for almost any organism, and it arrives by post within days. This technology is legal, essential for medical research, and also poses a biosecurity risk: in theory, someone with enough knowledge could order the genetic components of a dangerous pathogen. Right now, no country legally requires gene synthesis companies to check whether an order is for something dangerous. Most major companies voluntarily screen orders against a list of dangerous sequences, but the screening has known loopholes. A letter signed by 69 technology and security figures in June 2026 urged the US Congress to pass a law making that screening mandatory, specifically under a bill called S.3741, the Biosecurity Modernization and Innovation Act. The signatories include the heads of several major AI companies, because AI tools are now good enough to help someone design around the existing screening systems.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    AI-assisted sequence obfuscation tools already exist that can help low-sophistication actors work around current DNA synthesis screening methods; S.3741 does not mandate screening methods that address this specific evasion pathway.

  • Precedent

    If S.3741 passes, it becomes the first domestic law mandating DNA synthesis screening anywhere in the world, setting a regulatory template other jurisdictions may adopt or oppose.

First Reported In

Update #8 · Ebola reaches France through a screening blind spot

Science / AAAS· 25 Jun 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
No country yet screens DNA orders
A gene-synthesis provider can today fill an order for a dangerous pathogen fragment with no legal duty to check what it builds toward.
Different Perspectives
UK Government
UK Government
The Biological Security Strategy implementation report published 14 July commits the UK to deciding within twelve months whether to make DNA-synthesis screening mandatory, backed by GBP 1.83bn for biosecurity centres. It is a preemptive move on a threat that has not yet produced a UK incident.
Cambodia's Ministry of Health
Cambodia's Ministry of Health
Cambodia confirmed a nine-month-old girl in Phnom Penh as its fourth 2026 H5N1 case on 11 July, the country supplying four of the world's seven new human cases since February. The ministry's confirmed-case cadence is running well ahead of a US surveillance system that has recorded nothing new since March.
Knowledge Ecology International
Knowledge Ecology International
KEI published proposed annex text on the day IGWG7 opened that would attach benefit-sharing duties to a product's market registration, regardless of whether the manufacturer used shared samples or only downloaded sequence data. It is the Africa Group's fallback position if the sample-based bargain fails to bind.
European Union
European Union
The EU and other industrialised states backed a hybrid model built on centralised infrastructure with more flexible access terms, the opposite design choice from the Africa Group's. Brussels wants conditions handled contractually once samples reach shared facilities, not attached to national custody of the material itself.
Africa Group / Algeria
Africa Group / Algeria
Algeria, speaking for the Africa Group at IGWG7, backed distributed national and regional laboratories under binding access conditions, arguing that supplying states must keep legal control of samples rather than surrender them into shared infrastructure.
Uganda's Ministry of Health
Uganda's Ministry of Health
Uganda discharged its last confirmed patient on 16 July and opened a 42-day countdown to declaring its own outbreak over, closing at 20 cases and 2 deaths with no new case since 21 June. This is a closing chapter running alongside DR Congo's still-worsening one, contingent on a border DRC can no longer see across.