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Pandemics and Biosecurity
21JUL

No country yet screens DNA orders

3 min read
09:12UTC

Sixty-nine technology and security figures urged the US Congress to mandate screening of synthetic DNA orders under S.3741, a check no country anywhere currently requires.

ScienceDeveloping
Key takeaway

No country requires screening of synthetic DNA orders, so providers can build pathogen fragments with no legal duty to check.

Sixty-nine figures from technology and national security urged the US Congress in June to require screening of synthetic DNA orders against a federal list of dangerous sequences⁠1. Synthetic DNA is the made-to-order assembly of genetic material that a laboratory can buy by mail; screening means checking an order against a watchlist before a provider builds and ships it. The Biosecurity Modernization and Innovation Act (S.3741), introduced on 29 January, would make that check mandatory for US gene-synthesis providers.

No country anywhere currently mandates such screening, so a provider can fulfil an order for a fragment of a dangerous pathogen with no legal duty to ask what it is being assembled toward. S.3741 would close that duty for US providers, routing flagged orders to the federal level for review.

The harder problem sits below the bill, and the bill does not resolve it: the screening methods now in use can be worked around, by splitting an order across providers or by ordering sequences that are individually benign but dangerous in combination. A mandate written loosely could therefore certify a check that does not actually hold, giving the appearance of control without the substance. The governance gap sits alongside the WHO antimicrobial-resistance plan agreed in May as a structural biosecurity deficit no current international agreement closes. The right frame here is oversight of a dual-use technology, not a verdict on any company.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Gene synthesis companies sell made-to-order stretches of DNA, the genetic code that organisms are built from. A research lab can order the genetic sequence for almost any organism, and it arrives by post within days. This technology is legal, essential for medical research, and also poses a biosecurity risk: in theory, someone with enough knowledge could order the genetic components of a dangerous pathogen. Right now, no country legally requires gene synthesis companies to check whether an order is for something dangerous. Most major companies voluntarily screen orders against a list of dangerous sequences, but the screening has known loopholes. A letter signed by 69 technology and security figures in June 2026 urged the US Congress to pass a law making that screening mandatory, specifically under a bill called S.3741, the Biosecurity Modernization and Innovation Act. The signatories include the heads of several major AI companies, because AI tools are now good enough to help someone design around the existing screening systems.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    AI-assisted sequence obfuscation tools already exist that can help low-sophistication actors work around current DNA synthesis screening methods; S.3741 does not mandate screening methods that address this specific evasion pathway.

  • Precedent

    If S.3741 passes, it becomes the first domestic law mandating DNA synthesis screening anywhere in the world, setting a regulatory template other jurisdictions may adopt or oppose.

First Reported In

Update #8 · Ebola reaches France through a screening blind spot

Science / AAAS· 25 Jun 2026
Read original →
Causes and effects
This Event
No country yet screens DNA orders
A gene-synthesis provider can today fill an order for a dangerous pathogen fragment with no legal duty to check what it builds toward.
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Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.