Skip to content
Welcome, thoughtbot's Giant Robots listeners!Start here
European Energy Markets
22JUN

One control standard for EU war robots

2 min read
13:56UTC

iMUGS2, the EU's 29-partner ground-robot programme, will finish with a three-day exercise in Norway in 2028, Shephard Media reported on 11 August. A third stage is already under consideration.

EconomicDeveloping
Key takeaway

Europe will test one shared control standard for military ground robots in Norway in 2028.

iMUGS2, the second stage of the EU's Integrated Modular Unmanned Ground System programme, will conclude with a three-day exercise in Norway in 2028, Shephard Media reported on 11 August, with a third stage already under consideration⁠1. The consortium launched in November 2025 and runs to 29 partners across 15 EU countries, coordinated by Estonia's Milrem Robotics, with KNDS France, KNDS Germany, Diehl Defence, Safran Electronics and Defense and Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace among the named participants⁠2.

An uncrewed ground vehicle (UGV) is a driverless land robot, used for resupply, scouting and casualty evacuation. Fifteen national fleets bought separately will each arrive with their own controller, their own radio waveform and their own map format. A Latvian operator cannot then drive a Dutch vehicle when the Dutch one is the one still running. Writing a shared control standard early is cheap; retrofitting one across fielded fleets is not.

The factories opened before the standard did. Milrem started a THeMIS production line with VDL Defentec at Born in the Netherlands in June and signed two non-binding memoranda at Eurosatory a fortnight later. Kongsberg now sits inside the land programme as well as the undersea contest it entered in June, giving one Norwegian group visibility across both halves of Europe's uncrewed procurement.

A 2028 exercise date does useful work on its own. Suppliers building to a deadline they cannot miss make interface decisions two years earlier than commercial incentives would have forced them to.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

The European Union is running a programme to get different countries' militaries using robot ground vehicles that can work together, rather than each country buying incompatible robots from different manufacturers. This second stage, called iMUGS2, involves 29 organisations across 15 EU countries and is coordinated by Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company that makes one of Europe's most widely used military ground robots, the THeMIS. The stage will finish with a three-day exercise in Norway in 2028 to test whether the robots from different countries can actually operate together, and a third stage is already being discussed.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The EU's push for a common ground robot architecture exists because European militaries currently buy incompatible UGVs from national suppliers, which prevents joint logistics, shared spares and interoperable command software across coalition operations. iMUGS2's Norway exercise in 2028 tests whether that interoperability actually works in the field rather than only on paper.

Milrem Robotics coordinating a 29-partner, 15-country consortium reflects the company's position as Europe's dominant UGV maker rather than a neutral standards body, which raises the practical question of whether "common architecture" ends up meaning "THeMIS-compatible architecture".

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    Milrem Robotics coordinating the consortium that sets the common architecture creates a structural advantage for its own THeMIS platform over competing European UGV makers.

First Reported In

Update #11 · Chinese cameras in the Navy's robot boats

Shephard Media· 12 Aug 2026
Read original →
Different Perspectives
Cross-border power traders
Cross-border power traders
The France-Germany day-ahead spread flipped from a EUR 17.20 German premium on 1 August to a EUR 4.15 French premium on 3 August, the same day French curtailment peaked. They cannot yet attribute the flip to curtailment alone, since a like-for-like overnight comparison shows French nuclear output rising while wind fell and demand returned on the weekday step.
EDF
EDF
River-cooling limits took 7.6 GW, 12 per cent of its fleet, offline on 3 August, the highest curtailment since the heatwave began, with an easing forecast to 4.3 GW on 4 August and 3 GW after. It manages the cut as a recurring seasonal constraint, expecting it to lift with river temperature, not repair.
Gasunie
Gasunie
TTF, the Dutch hub it operates, drifted to roughly EUR 55 to 58 per MWh across the window, staying inside its recent range through both the German spark reversal and the French curtailment. It reads a flat hub price as evidence that neither event this window carried enough weight to move the fuel leg on its own.
German gas-fired generators
German gas-fired generators
Record German solar of 18,761 MW on 2 August pushed the clean spark spread to minus 18.48 EUR/MWh, a loss-making day, before it returned to plus 16.20 on 3 August. They now price dispatch against post-solar residual load rather than wind alone, since the sign flipped inside 48 hours on unchanged fuel and carbon costs.
European Commission (DG Energy)
European Commission (DG Energy)
Its implementing-measures register logged transposition notices from only Portugal and Slovakia against Wednesday's Article 94 deadline for Directive (EU) 2024/1788, with 25 states silent. It expects the register to fill only gradually, since filing routinely lags legislating and any infringement track against non-notifying states runs on a slower clock than the deadline itself.
Spain's LNG terminal operators
Spain's LNG terminal operators
Spain's 9,145 GWh terminal inventory is the largest single stock in the EU LNG network, an option value that can reroute cargoes wherever the winter strip pays best rather than a cavern gas obligation tied to a fixed date. That flexibility matters more as Germany's cavern shortfall pushes more of the winter security question onto import infrastructure.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.