Skip to content
Briefings are running a touch slower this week while we rebuild the foundations.See roadmap
Cuba Dispatch
28MAY

UNE forecasts 1,732 MW blackout at evening peak

3 min read
08:42UTC

Cuba's grid operator said it would fail to supply more than half of forecast demand at 20:30 on 15 April, with four thermal units simultaneously offline.

PoliticsAssessed
Key takeaway

The numbers in the UNE bulletin are the cost of the carve-out, read directly from the meter.

UNE (Unión Eléctrica Nacional, Cuba's state electricity grid operator) published a daily bulletin on 15 April 2026 forecasting a 1,732 MW blackout load at the 20:30 peak, against projected demand of 3,000 MW and available generation of 1,298 MW 1. That is a 43 per cent coverage ratio at the hour every household, hospital and factory is drawing at once. Tuesday 14 April's actual evening deficit came in at 1,860 MW, above plan.

The thermal fleet is carrying the shortfall. CTE Ernesto Guevara unit 1, CTE Antonio Maceo units 3 and 5, and CTE Felton unit 2 are all out of service simultaneously, with a further four blocks in scheduled maintenance. Only CTE Cienfuegos unit 4 (98 MW) is expected back for the peak. The plants are the 40-year-old Soviet-design thermoelectrics that the Guevara plant flagship epitomises, run without routine access to spare parts and fed on residual fuel oil that the island is struggling to source.

Cuba's renewable build-out is visible in the bulletin but cannot fill the evening hole. The 54 new solar photovoltaic parks delivered a 505 MW peak at midday on 14 April and zero at 20:30. Four planned 50 MW battery installations that would shift solar output into the evening window have no confirmed in-service date. The crisis is structurally a thermal-fleet-at-night problem, and the fuel to run the remaining thermal capacity is exactly the supply the 18 March carve-out keeps blocked. Cubadebate publishes the UNE bulletins; the state outlet is both primary source and interested party.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Cuba's power stations are old Soviet-era machines that keep breaking down. On 15 April, four major power plants were out of service at the same time; which is like losing most of your country's electricity in one go. Cuba has been building solar panels, but solar only works during daylight. The blackouts happen in the evening when everyone switches on their lights and appliances. Without batteries to store daytime solar power, the panels make almost no difference when it actually matters. The result: more than half of Cuba's electricity demand goes unmet every evening.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The Cuban thermoelectric fleet averages over 40 years old with original Soviet-era components. Spare parts have been sourced through third-country intermediaries at premium cost since 1991, meaning routine maintenance has been deferred rather than performed.

The 54-park solar rollout delivers midday capacity but zero at the 20:30 peak when the grid fails. Without battery storage to shift solar output into the evening, every watt of solar installed is irrelevant to the crisis hour. Four 50 MW battery installations are planned but have no confirmed in-service date.

The fuel supply chain depends entirely on residual fuel oil (mazut), which the thermal plants cannot substitute with lighter-grade crude without expensive conversion. The tankers Russia is sending carry crude, not the refined mazut the plants actually consume; meaning the delivered barrels cannot directly feed the generators without passing through a functioning refinery.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    If CTE Cienfuegos unit 4; the only unit expected online for the April 15 peak; also fails unexpectedly, Cuba faces a third national grid collapse in five weeks.

    Immediate · 0.65
  • Consequence

    Hospital diesel generator stocks are a finite consumable; at current blackout duration, surgical and ICU operations face rationing decisions within weeks.

    Short term · 0.75
  • Opportunity

    Battery storage installation for the four planned 50 MW parks would shift 200 MW of solar into the evening peak; not a solution, but a 12 percent reduction in forecast shortfall.

    Medium term · 0.7
First Reported In

Update #1 · Cuba carve-out survives Venezuela oil easing

Cubadebate / Unión Eléctrica Nacional· 15 Apr 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
UNE forecasts 1,732 MW blackout at evening peak
The daily grid bulletin is the primary-source reading of what the sanctions architecture actually costs in household kilowatt-hours.
Different Perspectives
Holy See and WOLA engagement-track analysts
Holy See and WOLA engagement-track analysts
Caritas Cuba distributed 82 per cent of a $3M tranche to 8,800 families via the Church channel Rubio proposed at his 9 May Vatican audience. WOLA analysts note that personal sanctions on peso-denominated officeholders carry limited coercive effect; the Church track is the one instrument that reaches ordinary Cubans directly.
Sovcomflot and Russia
Sovcomflot and Russia
Moscow has announced no replacement for the Universal after it diverted on 26 May, and Sovcomflot's failure to activate Russia's National Reinsurance Company cover as a substitute for the expired P&I insurance signals that Russian fuel deliveries to Cuba now depend on OFAC-compatible licensing rather than on an unconditional bilateral commitment.
Prisoners Defenders and OCDH human rights monitors
Prisoners Defenders and OCDH human rights monitors
Prisoners Defenders' April 2026 census of 1,260 political prisoners, its highest on record, documents the caseload rising by ten in a month despite repeated Cuban pardon announcements. Maykel Osorbo's refusal of the State Security exile-or-2030 ultimatum in May kept a high-profile name inside the registry Havana would need cleared before any prisoner-release negotiation proceeds.
MINREX and Cuban government
MINREX and Cuban government
Cuba's foreign ministry condemned the indictment as 'political coercion' and filed a formal protest met by the US Deputy Secretary of State on 24 May. Diaz-Canel offered dialogue 'on equal terms' but ruled political prisoners off the table, while Cuba's pardon decrees structurally exclude crimes-against-authority charges from every amnesty wave, leaving the 1,260-prisoner count unchanged.
Trump administration and Florida delegation
Trump administration and Florida delegation
The administration framed the 18 May designation wave and 20 May indictment as accountability for Cuba's security apparatus; Florida Republicans Gimenez, Diaz-Balart, and Salazar credited constituent pressure for the EO 14404 architecture. Senate Democrats Kaine, Schiff, and Gallego, having lost S.J.Res.124 51-47 on 29 April, called the Nimitz deployment under Operation Southern Spear a constitutional overreach.
OCDH and dissident coalition (Otero Alcántara, Osorbo proxies)
OCDH and dissident coalition (Otero Alcántara, Osorbo proxies)
The Madrid-based OCDH coordinated the 13 May Brussels handover after the Cuban Supreme Popular Court rejected Otero Alcántara's early-release appeal in late April. The coalition's pivot to the EU restrictive-measures track follows procedural closure of the early-release vector before the 24 April US deadline lapsed.