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E.O. 13224
LegislationUS

E.O. 13224

US counterterrorism executive order of 23 September 2001, blocking property of persons supporting terrorism.

E.O. 13224, the 2001 counterterrorism order that lets Treasury reach IRGC-linked entities, was used on 30 July 2026 to designate DadeNegar Startup Studio as part of a Hormuz-insurance sanctions package.

Last refreshed: 17 August 2026 · Appears in 1 active topic

Key Question

Why does sanctioning Iran's toll body block a Hormuz peace deal?

Timeline for E.O. 13224

#111 28 May

Provided statutory authority for the PGSA designation

Iran Conflict 2026: US sanctions the strait it will reopen
View full timeline →

Background

E.O. 13224 is a US executive order President George W. Bush signed on 23 September 2001, twelve days after the September 11 attacks. It blocks the property of foreign persons who commit, threaten or support terrorism, and extends to anyone acting on their behalf.

Its reach into Iran sanctions runs through the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' 2019 designation as a terrorist organisation, which lets Treasury use the order against IRGC-affiliated entities such as Bonyad Mostazafan. That distinguishes it from Executive Order 13902's economic-sector basis and Executive Order 13382's WMD-proliferation basis.

Because de-listing under a terrorism authority requires OFAC to certify an entity no longer poses a terrorism-related threat, designations under E.O. 13224 are harder to reverse than those made under Treasury's other Iran authorities, making it the order Treasury reaches for when it wants a sanction to stick.

Key Issues
Terrorism sanctions

Treasury keeps using terrorism authority

OFAC's most recent E.O. 13224 action designated DadeNegar Startup Studio on 30 July 2026, part of a Hormuz-insurance package that named two other firms under the separate E.O. 13902 the same week.

The order underpinned an earlier contradiction on 28 May, when Treasury designated Iran's Persian Gulf Strait Authority the same day a tentative memorandum to reopen the Strait of Hormuz was reached: any vessel using a PGSA-coordinated transit would be transacting with a sanctioned counterparty.

Oil-routing sanctions

E.O. 13224 targets IRGC oil routing

On 15 May 2026 OFAC used E.O. 13224 to designate twelve entities routing Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps oil sales into China, including three named IRGC officials. The IRGC's 2019 terrorism designation under the same order is what lets Treasury reach entities operating on its behalf.

De-listing under E.O. 13224 requires OFAC to find an entity no longer poses a terrorism-related threat, a higher bar than removing a trade restriction under E.O. 13902, so any name added under this order is harder to unwind.

Common Questions
What is E.O. 13224 and how does it relate to Iran sanctions?
E.O. 13224, signed by President Bush on 23 September 2001, blocks property of persons supporting terrorism. OFAC uses it alongside E.O. 13902 to sanction IRGC-linked Iranian entities, citing the IRGC's 2019 terrorism designation.Source: US Federal Register
Why does OFAC cite both E.O. 13224 and E.O. 13902 in Iran sanctions?
Dual citation maximises legal coverage: E.O. 13902 targets Iran's economic sectors directly, while E.O. 13224 reaches entities supporting designated terrorist organisations such as the IRGC. Together they are harder to challenge individually in court.Source: OFAC
When was the IRGC designated under E.O. 13224?
The IRGC was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation and under E.O. 13224 in April 2019, during the first Trump administration's maximum-pressure Iran campaign.Source: US Department of State
What is Executive Order 13224 and how does it work?
E.O. 13224 was signed by President George W. Bush on 23 September 2001 to block the property of foreign persons who commit or support terrorism. OFAC uses it to ADD individuals and entities to the Specially Designated Nationals list, freezing their US assets and barring Americans from transacting with them.Source: OFAC
Why did the US sanction Iran's Persian Gulf Strait Authority under EO 13224?
On 28 May 2026, OFAC designated the PGSA under E.O. 13224 as part of Treasury's Economic Fury campaign, characterising the toll body as monetising IRGC state-sponsored terrorism. The designation occurred on the same day as a tentative Hormuz reopening deal, creating a direct legal conflict.Source: US Treasury
Why is an E.O. 13224 sanction harder to remove than other Iran sanctions?
Because E.O. 13224 rests on terrorism authority rather than oil or nuclear sanctions, de-listing requires OFAC to find the entity no longer poses a terrorism-related threat. That is a higher legal bar than lifting a trade restriction and typically requires a formal review rather than a political agreement.Source: event
When was the IRGC designated under Executive Order 13224?
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was designated under E.O. 13224 as a foreign terrorist organisation in April 2019. This enabled OFAC to reach IRGC-affiliated entities via the order's support and control provisions without needing a separate Iran-specific order.Source: OFAC
How does Executive Order 13224 affect Hormuz shipping after the PGSA designation?
With the PGSA on the SDN list under E.O. 13224, any commercial vessel using a PGSA-coordinated Hormuz transit would be transacting with a sanctioned counterparty. Foreign banks financing those charters risk secondary sanctions, making the Hormuz reopening terms commercially unworkable unless OFAC issues a general licence or de-lists the PGSA.Source: event
Why was DadeNegar Startup Studio sanctioned under E.O. 13224?
OFAC designated DadeNegar Startup Studio on 30 July 2026 as part of a Hormuz-insurance sanctions package that also named Persian Gulf Marine Insurance Company and HormuzSafe Marine Services Authority under E.O. 13902.Source: OFAC
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