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Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
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Concept

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

Standard public identifier system for disclosed software vulnerabilities.

Joint advisory AA26-281A of 8 October 2026 listed eight exploited CVE identifiers dating from 2014 to 2023, and CISA gave federal agencies until 11 October to fix the five its catalogue did not yet hold.

Last refreshed: 12 October 2026

Key Question

Who decides which software flaws get a CVE number?

Timeline for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

#14 8 Oct

Named as Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

Cybersecurity: Threats and Defences: Mentioned in: Ten agencies name Beijing firm in hacks
#14 8 Sept

Named as Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

Cybersecurity: Threats and Defences: Mentioned in: Microsoft fixes 973 flaws in one release
#13 27 Aug
#12 29 Jul
#12 28 Jul
View full timeline →

Background

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures gives each publicly disclosed software flaw one shared identifier, written as the prefix CVE, a year and a sequence number, such as CVE-2015-5477 in the BIND name server. Vendors, researchers, governments and patch catalogues use the same number for the same bug, so an allied advisory and CISA's exploited list can be read side by side.

CISA sponsors the CVE Program and MITRE operates it. Identifiers come from CVE Numbering Authorities, 453 of them in April 2025, including vendors such as Microsoft that number flaws in their own products; Microsoft's September 2026 release alone carried 973 of its own identifiers. On 23 April 2025 CISA said a contract issue that had threatened the programme was resolved before any lapse in service.

Allied attribution leans on the CVE system too: advisory AA26-281A, published in October 2026, listed eight exploited CVEs dating from 2014 to 2023.

Key Issues
China advisory

Old identifiers set a three-day deadline

The 8 October advisory naming Integrity Technology Group cited its flaws by CVE number, and five of those identifiers were new to CISA's exploited catalogue that day: CVE-2015-5477 in BIND, CVE-2015-3306 in ProFTPD, CVE-2016-3081 in Apache Struts, CVE-2021-3199 in ONLYOFFICE Docs and CVE-2023-22894 in Strapi.

CISA had catalogued the Shellshock, Pulse Secure and GitLab flaws from the same advisory before 8 October. Because each bug carried a shared number, a federal agency running any of the five components took its 11 October Deadline straight from an intelligence finding, with no vendor bulletin in between. The oldest pair carry 2015 prefixes, eleven years before the Deadline fell.

Patch volume

Vendors number their own flaws

Microsoft's Patch Tuesday release on 8 September 2026 fixed 973 flaws, every one carrying a CVE number Microsoft issued itself as the numbering authority for its own products. No monthly release since January 2025 had come close; the previous peak, 571, came in July 2026.

September's count measured disclosure rather than danger. Only two of the 973 identifiers carried Microsoft's exploited flag, both Windows privilege-escalation bugs, and CISA gave federal agencies 14 days for each, the longer of its two usual deadlines. A record month of new CVE numbers therefore told defenders little about where attackers were active.

Common Questions
What does CVE stand for?
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, the public system that gives each disclosed software flaw a shared identifier.Source: CVE Program
Who runs the CVE Program?
CISA sponsors the programme and MITRE operates it.Source: CISA statement, 23 April 2025
Was the CVE Program shut down in 2025?
No. CISA said on 23 April 2025 that a contract issue was resolved before any lapse and there was no interruption.Source: CISA statement, 23 April 2025
Who assigns CVE numbers?
CVE Numbering Authorities, 453 of them in April 2025, including vendors such as Microsoft for their own products.Source: CISA statement, 23 April 2025
Source Material