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Iran Conflict 2026
1OCT

Duolingo bars any Iranian ID, anywhere

2 min read
19:22UTC

Educational Testing Service paused TOEFL and GRE administration in Iran and cancelled booked appointments. Duolingo went further, refusing its English Test to anyone holding Iranian identification anywhere on earth.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Duolingo's bar follows the passport, not the border the sanction actually describes.

Educational Testing Service paused TOEFL and GRE administration in Iran on Tuesday 1 September and cancelled booked appointments, saying the step "reflects our full compliance with US sanctions law". Duolingo barred its English Test from anyone holding Iranian government-issued identification anywhere in the world, which is wider than the geographic scope of the OFAC action it cited⁠1. A Telegram group for Iranian TOEFL candidates has 25,000 members. "It feels like they are taking Iranians out of the list of accepted human species," a Tehran resident identified only as Danial told Al Jazeera.

An Iranian passport holder living in Toronto or Berlin sits outside the jurisdiction the suspension describes and inside Duolingo's rule anyway. English-language certification of this kind gates university admission in most of the anglophone world, so a bar on both tests closes the application cycle for people whose only connection to the sanctioned territory is the document in their pocket.

A firm that reads a sanction too broadly faces no penalty for the excess; a firm that reads it too narrowly faces an enforcement action, and OFAC settled with a US weighing-equipment manufacturer for $60,764 last month over its Italian subsidiary's exports through a third-country distributor. Compliance departments price that asymmetry into every marginal call.

The consequence outlasts the cause. Restoring the general licence would not automatically restore the test, because the company's bar rests on its own terms of service rather than on the regulation, and there is no appeal to Treasury against a private reading of a Treasury rule.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Two companies that run English-language tests reacted differently to the same US sanctions news. One stopped offering its test inside Iran. The other refused its test to anyone holding an Iranian government ID, anywhere in the world, even someone living in Toronto or Berlin who has never been to Iran. Companies often restrict more broadly than a sanction actually requires, because the legal risk of doing too little outweighs the risk of doing too much.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

A private company faces real legal exposure for facilitating a transaction that turns out to violate sanctions, and essentially none for refusing service to more people than the law strictly requires. That asymmetry pushes compliance departments toward the broadest ban they can justify, not the narrowest one the sanction actually demands.

Duolingo's ban by nationality of ID, rather than by residence or transaction location, is a symptom of that incentive: it is far easier to check a document type than to verify a person is not using sanctioned financial rails.

First Reported In

Update #175 · Iran says it re-mined the cleared lanes

Al Jazeera· 3 Sept 2026
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Causes and effects
This Event
Duolingo bars any Iranian ID, anywhere
A private company has extended an American sanction past the geographic reach of the instrument it cited, and no appeal reaches a company's own reading.
Different Perspectives
Russia
Russia
Russia vetoed the same renewal on 17 September, arguing that Britain, France and Germany never validly triggered the snapback that reimposed the pre-2015 UN resolutions. No panel was ever seated under that mandate, so the UN list decays fastest for states that screen against it rather than against the American one.
China
China
China vetoed renewal of the UN sanctions monitoring mandate on 17 September, arguing that Resolution 2231 terminated on 18 October 2025 and that the Security Council should drop Iran's nuclear file altogether. On that reading there is nothing to monitor, so the sanctions survive and their enforcement does not.
Iraq
Iraq
Baghdad saw the last American counter-Islamic State troops leave its territory on 30 September, completing a timetable it agreed with Washington in September 2024. Iraqi airspace deconfliction passes to Baghdad, which still has an open inquiry into the Maysan drone launches that has named nobody.
Pakistan
Pakistan
Treasury names Waseem Pasha Tajammal of Rawalpindi as the Cavalier group's chairman and places one of the designated incorporations in Islamabad. QatarEnergy separately told Pakistan that liquefied natural gas cargo cancellations would run through November, so Islamabad carries an enforcement question and a supply gap at once.
Turkey
Turkey
Treasury named a Cavalier Dynamics company incorporated in Istanbul among the ten nodes it designated on 29 September, and Ankara has published no response. Turkey imported a record 120,000 barrels a day of Indian diesel in August, cutting Russia's share of its diesel imports to 20 per cent.
India
India
Suraj Yadav, a wiper from Uttar Pradesh, was killed aboard the Cape Dao on 23 September, and 19 of the ship's 20 Indian crew were taken off alive. India's September imports ran at 575,000 barrels a day from Iraq and 566,000 from Saudi Arabia, back to pre-conflict rates.