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Iran Conflict 2026
3SEP

Duolingo bars any Iranian ID, anywhere

2 min read
16:40UTC

Educational Testing Service paused TOEFL and GRE administration in Iran and cancelled booked appointments. Duolingo went further, refusing its English Test to anyone holding Iranian identification anywhere on earth.

ConflictDeveloping
Key takeaway

Duolingo's bar follows the passport, not the border the sanction actually describes.

Educational Testing Service paused TOEFL and GRE administration in Iran on Tuesday 1 September and cancelled booked appointments, saying the step "reflects our full compliance with US sanctions law". Duolingo barred its English Test from anyone holding Iranian government-issued identification anywhere in the world, which is wider than the geographic scope of the OFAC action it cited 1. A Telegram group for Iranian TOEFL candidates has 25,000 members. "It feels like they are taking Iranians out of the list of accepted human species," a Tehran resident identified only as Danial told Al Jazeera.

An Iranian passport holder living in Toronto or Berlin sits outside the jurisdiction the suspension describes and inside Duolingo's rule anyway. English-language certification of this kind gates university admission in most of the anglophone world, so a bar on both tests closes the application cycle for people whose only connection to the sanctioned territory is the document in their pocket.

A firm that reads a sanction too broadly faces no penalty for the excess; a firm that reads it too narrowly faces an enforcement action, and OFAC settled with a US weighing-equipment manufacturer for $60,764 last month over its Italian subsidiary's exports through a third-country distributor . Compliance departments price that asymmetry into every marginal call.

The consequence outlasts the cause. Restoring the general licence would not automatically restore the test, because the company's bar rests on its own terms of service rather than on the regulation, and there is no appeal to Treasury against a private reading of a Treasury rule.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Two companies that run English-language tests reacted differently to the same US sanctions news. One stopped offering its test inside Iran. The other refused its test to anyone holding an Iranian government ID, anywhere in the world, even someone living in Toronto or Berlin who has never been to Iran. Companies often restrict more broadly than a sanction actually requires, because the legal risk of doing too little outweighs the risk of doing too much.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

A private company faces real legal exposure for facilitating a transaction that turns out to violate sanctions, and essentially none for refusing service to more people than the law strictly requires. That asymmetry pushes compliance departments toward the broadest ban they can justify, not the narrowest one the sanction actually demands.

Duolingo's ban by nationality of ID, rather than by residence or transaction location, is a symptom of that incentive: it is far easier to check a document type than to verify a person is not using sanctioned financial rails.

First Reported In

Update #175 · Iran says it re-mined the cleared lanes

Al Jazeera· 3 Sept 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
Duolingo bars any Iranian ID, anywhere
A private company has extended an American sanction past the geographic reach of the instrument it cited, and no appeal reaches a company's own reading.
Different Perspectives
China's foreign ministry
China's foreign ministry
Spokesman Lin Jian rejected Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent's 25 August warning that Iranian oil buyers face an "economic D-Day", saying sanctions do not help and that Beijing would safeguard its own rights and interests. China's Iranian crude imports had already halved for unrelated reasons.
Iraq's government and Erbil authorities
Iraq's government and Erbil authorities
Erbil authorities said 10 explosive-laden drones were shot down over the city on 1-2 September with no casualties. Iraq's government condemned the attacks without naming Iran as their source, and neither Washington nor Baghdad confirmed the IRGC's claim to have hit US bases there.
Bahrain Defence Force
Bahrain Defence Force
The General Command said air defences intercepted several Iranian missiles and drones on 1-2 September and called the use of such weapons against civilians and private property a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law.
Kuwait's Fire Force and foreign ministry
Kuwait's Fire Force and foreign ministry
KUNA reported a hostile Iranian drone struck a residential complex in Kuwait City on 2 September; Fire Force spokesman Brigadier General Mohammad Al-Gharib said losses were confined to property. Kuwait's foreign ministry called the attack a clear breach of its sovereignty.
Jordan's Armed Forces
Jordan's Armed Forces
Petra carried a statement that air defences intercepted eight missiles violating Jordanian airspace early on 31 August and 10 of 13 fired on 1 September. The statement named no target and did not address the IRGC's claim to have struck Camp Titin and killed US personnel.
CENTCOM
CENTCOM
CENTCOM's 1 September target list named IRGC air defence, radar, maritime and mine-laying sites in Iran but no tanker, after Axios reported anonymous officials describing a Trump-approved "tanker for tanker" drone policy. A CENTCOM spokesman declined to confirm the policy and referred questions to policymakers.