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Data Centres: Boom and Backlash
17JUN

Google prices its water ahead of rules

4 min read
10:13UTC

Google's 3 June pledge promised to replenish more water than its data centres use by 2030. At The Dalles, one campus already takes 40% of the city's water and residents face a 99% rate rise.

IndustryDeveloping
Key takeaway

Google's basin-wide replenishment pledge cannot reach The Dalles, where one campus takes 40% of city water.

Google's 3 June water-stewardship pledge promised to replenish more water than its data centres consume by 2030, committing $17m across seven US states and targeting 19 billion gallons of annual replenishment, more than double its 2024 consumption of 8.1 billion gallons 1. Infrastructure head Ben Townsend offered per-site reporting as a "blueprint" for communities weighing campus proposals. These are company figures, and the pledge predates this window; the gap it papers over does not.

Replenishment accounting nets water returned to a basin against water consumed, but the netting happens at corporate scale while the depletion happens at a single tap. Google's most-documented site is The Dalles, Oregon, where its campus draws about 550 million gallons a year, roughly 40% of the city's water, and residents face a projected 99% rise in water rates by 2036 under a $260m system upgrade 2. The city is now eyeing the salmon-habitat Hood River Basin to supply a fifth building. A 19-billion-gallon corporate replenishment target across every site and basin does not reverse a single town losing 40% of its supply at one withdrawal point.

The disclosure runs alongside the rules it pre-empts. Amazon's Boardman nitrate settlement gave water liability its first financial template , and Virginia's Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ, the state water-permit regulator) is still weighing Amazon's Lake Anna discharge with no PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl "forever chemicals", synthetic compounds that persist in water) screen in the draft permit . A voluntary disclosure now reads as a move to set the terms before the mandatory ones land, offering transparency on Google's own measure ahead of a regulator's.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Data centres use enormous amounts of water to cool their servers. Google runs a large campus in The Dalles, a city in northern Oregon on the Columbia River, where it draws about 550 million gallons of water a year. That is roughly 40% of the entire city's water supply taken by a single company. On 3 June 2026, Google announced a pledge to return more water than it uses: by 2030 it aims to put back 19 billion gallons a year across its US sites, counting water it supports through conservation projects in rivers and aquifers near its campuses. It is also committing $17 million to fund these projects. The problem for The Dalles specifically is that Google's replenishment projects are spread across seven states. The water returned to a river in Arizona does not help the residents of The Dalles, who face a 99% rise in their water bills by 2036 to fund a $260 million upgrade to handle the city's overall demand. The city is now looking at the Hood River Basin, which supports Pacific salmon, as a potential additional water source to supply a fifth Google data centre building. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), synthetic chemicals sometimes called 'forever chemicals' used in fire suppression and cooling systems, are absent from Virginia's discharge permit rules for Amazon's nearby campus, a regulatory gap that water-advocacy groups argue should also apply to Google's operations.

First Reported In

Update #7 · Virginia taxes the backup, not the draw

Google· 17 Jun 2026
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