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Cuba Dispatch
4JUN

UNE forecasts 1,732 MW blackout at evening peak

3 min read
11:38UTC

Cuba's grid operator said it would fail to supply more than half of forecast demand at 20:30 on 15 April, with four thermal units simultaneously offline.

PoliticsAssessed
Key takeaway

The numbers in the UNE bulletin are the cost of the carve-out, read directly from the meter.

UNE (Unión Eléctrica Nacional, Cuba's state electricity grid operator) published a daily bulletin on 15 April 2026 forecasting a 1,732 MW blackout load at the 20:30 peak, against projected demand of 3,000 MW and available generation of 1,298 MW 1. That is a 43 per cent coverage ratio at the hour every household, hospital and factory is drawing at once. Tuesday 14 April's actual evening deficit came in at 1,860 MW, above plan.

The thermal fleet is carrying the shortfall. CTE Ernesto Guevara unit 1, CTE Antonio Maceo units 3 and 5, and CTE Felton unit 2 are all out of service simultaneously, with a further four blocks in scheduled maintenance. Only CTE Cienfuegos unit 4 (98 MW) is expected back for the peak. The plants are the 40-year-old Soviet-design thermoelectrics that the Guevara plant flagship epitomises, run without routine access to spare parts and fed on residual fuel oil that the island is struggling to source.

Cuba's renewable build-out is visible in the bulletin but cannot fill the evening hole. The 54 new solar photovoltaic parks delivered a 505 MW peak at midday on 14 April and zero at 20:30. Four planned 50 MW battery installations that would shift solar output into the evening window have no confirmed in-service date. The crisis is structurally a thermal-fleet-at-night problem, and the fuel to run the remaining thermal capacity is exactly the supply the 18 March carve-out keeps blocked. Cubadebate publishes the UNE bulletins; the state outlet is both primary source and interested party.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Cuba's power stations are old Soviet-era machines that keep breaking down. On 15 April, four major power plants were out of service at the same time; which is like losing most of your country's electricity in one go. Cuba has been building solar panels, but solar only works during daylight. The blackouts happen in the evening when everyone switches on their lights and appliances. Without batteries to store daytime solar power, the panels make almost no difference when it actually matters. The result: more than half of Cuba's electricity demand goes unmet every evening.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The Cuban thermoelectric fleet averages over 40 years old with original Soviet-era components. Spare parts have been sourced through third-country intermediaries at premium cost since 1991, meaning routine maintenance has been deferred rather than performed.

The 54-park solar rollout delivers midday capacity but zero at the 20:30 peak when the grid fails. Without battery storage to shift solar output into the evening, every watt of solar installed is irrelevant to the crisis hour. Four 50 MW battery installations are planned but have no confirmed in-service date.

The fuel supply chain depends entirely on residual fuel oil (mazut), which the thermal plants cannot substitute with lighter-grade crude without expensive conversion. The tankers Russia is sending carry crude, not the refined mazut the plants actually consume; meaning the delivered barrels cannot directly feed the generators without passing through a functioning refinery.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    If CTE Cienfuegos unit 4; the only unit expected online for the April 15 peak; also fails unexpectedly, Cuba faces a third national grid collapse in five weeks.

    Immediate · 0.65
  • Consequence

    Hospital diesel generator stocks are a finite consumable; at current blackout duration, surgical and ICU operations face rationing decisions within weeks.

    Short term · 0.75
  • Opportunity

    Battery storage installation for the four planned 50 MW parks would shift 200 MW of solar into the evening peak; not a solution, but a 12 percent reduction in forecast shortfall.

    Medium term · 0.7
First Reported In

Update #1 · Cuba carve-out survives Venezuela oil easing

Cubadebate / Unión Eléctrica Nacional· 15 Apr 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
UNE forecasts 1,732 MW blackout at evening peak
The daily grid bulletin is the primary-source reading of what the sanctions architecture actually costs in household kilowatt-hours.
Different Perspectives
Spanish hotel operators
Spanish hotel operators
Meliá and Iberostar exited GAESA-linked Cuban hotels before 5 June to protect their broader Caribbean and global portfolios from secondary-sanctions exposure. Spain's commercial stake in Cuban tourism makes Madrid a structural veto risk if the EU advances Cuba-specific restrictive measures under Ollongren's mandate.
Cuban opposition / OCDH
Cuban opposition / OCDH
After the US Senate killed a Cuba war-powers check 51-47 on 29 April, the Madrid-based OCDH formally demanded an EU reparations fund for political prisoners on 4 June, routing its pressure campaign to Brussels where the EU's existing restrictive-measures machinery, used previously against Venezuela and Belarus, does not require a Senate majority.
China
China
Beijing paired a birthday telegram to Castro with no operational commitment on fuel or credit, using the occasion to signal non-abandonment ahead of the G20 without incurring the cost of a replacement tanker. China has no military-logistics presence in the Caribbean comparable to Soviet-era capacity.
Russia
Russia
Moscow sent an official birthday message to the indicted Raúl Castro on 3 June, a deliberate legitimacy signal to Global South partners, while Sovcomflot has announced no replacement for the Universal's 270,000-barrel cargo that turned away on 26 May. The pattern mirrors Soviet public solidarity during the 1962 crisis while privately managing exposure.
Trump administration / OFAC
Trump administration / OFAC
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Cuban government and citizens
Cuban government and citizens
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