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Cuba Dispatch
15APR

UNE forecasts 1,732 MW blackout at evening peak

3 min read
19:30UTC

Cuba's grid operator said it would fail to supply more than half of forecast demand at 20:30 on 15 April, with four thermal units simultaneously offline.

PoliticsAssessed
Key takeaway

The numbers in the UNE bulletin are the cost of the carve-out, read directly from the meter.

UNE (Unión Eléctrica Nacional, Cuba's state electricity grid operator) published a daily bulletin on 15 April 2026 forecasting a 1,732 MW blackout load at the 20:30 peak, against projected demand of 3,000 MW and available generation of 1,298 MW 1. That is a 43 per cent coverage ratio at the hour every household, hospital and factory is drawing at once. Tuesday 14 April's actual evening deficit came in at 1,860 MW, above plan.

The thermal fleet is carrying the shortfall. CTE Ernesto Guevara unit 1, CTE Antonio Maceo units 3 and 5, and CTE Felton unit 2 are all out of service simultaneously, with a further four blocks in scheduled maintenance. Only CTE Cienfuegos unit 4 (98 MW) is expected back for the peak. The plants are the 40-year-old Soviet-design thermoelectrics that the Guevara plant flagship epitomises, run without routine access to spare parts and fed on residual fuel oil that the island is struggling to source.

Cuba's renewable build-out is visible in the bulletin but cannot fill the evening hole. The 54 new solar photovoltaic parks delivered a 505 MW peak at midday on 14 April and zero at 20:30. Four planned 50 MW battery installations that would shift solar output into the evening window have no confirmed in-service date. The crisis is structurally a thermal-fleet-at-night problem, and the fuel to run the remaining thermal capacity is exactly the supply the 18 March carve-out keeps blocked. Cubadebate publishes the UNE bulletins; the state outlet is both primary source and interested party.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Cuba's power stations are old Soviet-era machines that keep breaking down. On 15 April, four major power plants were out of service at the same time; which is like losing most of your country's electricity in one go. Cuba has been building solar panels, but solar only works during daylight. The blackouts happen in the evening when everyone switches on their lights and appliances. Without batteries to store daytime solar power, the panels make almost no difference when it actually matters. The result: more than half of Cuba's electricity demand goes unmet every evening.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The Cuban thermoelectric fleet averages over 40 years old with original Soviet-era components. Spare parts have been sourced through third-country intermediaries at premium cost since 1991, meaning routine maintenance has been deferred rather than performed.

The 54-park solar rollout delivers midday capacity but zero at the 20:30 peak when the grid fails. Without battery storage to shift solar output into the evening, every watt of solar installed is irrelevant to the crisis hour. Four 50 MW battery installations are planned but have no confirmed in-service date.

The fuel supply chain depends entirely on residual fuel oil (mazut), which the thermal plants cannot substitute with lighter-grade crude without expensive conversion. The tankers Russia is sending carry crude, not the refined mazut the plants actually consume; meaning the delivered barrels cannot directly feed the generators without passing through a functioning refinery.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    If CTE Cienfuegos unit 4; the only unit expected online for the April 15 peak; also fails unexpectedly, Cuba faces a third national grid collapse in five weeks.

    Immediate · 0.65
  • Consequence

    Hospital diesel generator stocks are a finite consumable; at current blackout duration, surgical and ICU operations face rationing decisions within weeks.

    Short term · 0.75
  • Opportunity

    Battery storage installation for the four planned 50 MW parks would shift 200 MW of solar into the evening peak; not a solution, but a 12 percent reduction in forecast shortfall.

    Medium term · 0.7
First Reported In

Update #1 · Cuba carve-out survives Venezuela oil easing

Cubadebate / Unión Eléctrica Nacional· 15 Apr 2026
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Different Perspectives
Cuban government (MINREX / FM Rodríguez Parrilla)
Cuban government (MINREX / FM Rodríguez Parrilla)
FM Parrilla posted on 14 April that Washington is "creating confusion to maintain a fuel blockade", describing EO 14380 as demonstrating an "extraterritorial character" that intimidates and extorts third-country firms trading with Cuba. The framing deliberately mirrors the UN rapporteurs' February language, building a multilateral legal record for Geneva and OAS forums.
US administration (White House / Treasury)
US administration (White House / Treasury)
EO 14380 enforces statutory Cuba sanctions through CACR and LIBERTAD Act, and the 18 March carve-out reflects deliberate policy to exclude Cuban state entities from the Venezuela easing rather than reverse it. Trump dismissed the Russian tanker: "Cuba's finished. Whether or not they get a boat of oil, it's not going to matter."
UN Special Rapporteurs (Saul / Fakhri / Douhan)
UN Special Rapporteurs (Saul / Fakhri / Douhan)
The 12 February OHCHR joint statement described EO 14380 as "an extreme form of unilateral economic coercion with extraterritorial effects" and warned restricting Cuba's fuel imports risks constituting collective punishment of civilians. The finding creates a political record Washington must answer in multilateral forums without yet triggering a formal legal ruling.
Florida Cuban-American delegation (Giménez / Díaz-Balart / Salazar)
Florida Cuban-American delegation (Giménez / Díaz-Balart / Salazar)
The 11 February joint letter to OFAC and BIS demanded revocation of every active licence authorising US business with Cuban state-controlled entities, invoking the LIBERTAD Act. The three Miami-area representatives argue the sanctions architecture must deny every dollar to GAESA and have pressed Treasury on whether the 25 March private-sector licence creates enforcement gaps.
Russia (Kremlin / Energy Minister Tsivilyov)
Russia (Kremlin / Energy Minister Tsivilyov)
Tsivilyov pledged at the Kazan energy forum that Moscow would "not leave Cubans alone in trouble" as the Anatoly Kolodkin docked with 730,000 barrels on 31 March; a second vessel was confirmed loading. The deliveries defy EO 14380 secondary tariff threats and test US enforcement credibility at minimal cost to Moscow.
OCDH / Prisoners Defenders (Cuban human rights monitors)
OCDH / Prisoners Defenders (Cuban human rights monitors)
OCDH's March report confirmed no political prisoner was included in the amnesties and documented 53 new detentions in the same month; Prisoners Defenders counts 1,214 political prisoners as of March 2026. The monitors argue the amnesty announcements are diplomatic theatre: the denominator barely moved while new cases are continuously added.