Skip to content
AI: Jobs, Power & Money
28MAR

NBER: nine in ten firms untouched by AI

2 min read
19:20UTC

A multinational survey of 6,000 executives found most companies see no employment effect from AI. Inside those same firms, bosses and workers hold opposite forecasts.

PoliticsDeveloping
Key takeaway

Bosses expect AI to cut jobs while their own employees expect it to create them.

A survey of nearly 6,000 senior executives across the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia, published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found that 90% of firms report no impact on employment or productivity from AI so far. 1 Sixty-nine per cent of the surveyed firms actively use the technology. Nine in ten see nothing happening.

The contradiction sits inside the forecasts. Executives at these firms predict a 0.7% employment decline over the next three years. Employees at the same companies predict a 0.5% increase. 2 One group expects cuts. The other expects growth. They work in the same buildings, use the same tools, and hold irreconcilable views of what comes next.

During the 1990s offshoring wave, management planned relocations years before workers learned their roles would move overseas. Approximately 3.4 million US manufacturing jobs were lost between 1995 and 2005. Workers could not prepare because they did not know. The NBER data, spanning four countries with different labour market systems, suggests this gap is structural, not cultural . If executives act on private bearish forecasts without informing staff, displacement will arrive as a shock rather than a managed transition.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

A research body surveyed nearly 6,000 bosses across the US, UK, Germany, and Australia and asked whether AI has yet affected hiring or productivity at their companies. Nine in ten said no. But the same bosses predict employment at their firms will fall slightly over the next three years. Workers at those same companies predict it will rise slightly. Someone is wrong. Given that bosses set hiring plans, their forecast is more likely to be self-fulfilling.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

Information asymmetry within firms is the structural cause. Executives have access to strategic planning documents, vendor capability assessments, and board-level restructuring discussions that do not reach workers. The 1.2-percentage-point forecast gap (0.7% decline vs 0.5% increase) is more consistent with deliberate non-disclosure than with genuine disagreement.

The 69% active AI adoption rate combined with the 90% null employment impact suggests a deployment phase that is currently affecting task structure without reducing headcount. The NBER finding by Humlum and Vestergaard that LLM adoption produces occupational switching without net changes in hours or earnings supports this reading: impact is happening below the level of employment statistics.

Measurement lag is also structural. Employment surveys capture headcount but not task composition or hiring freeze effects. The Dallas Fed found displacement operating primarily through collapsed job-finding rates among workers under 25, a mechanism invisible to standard employment impact questions.

What could happen next?
  • Risk

    The executive-employee forecast gap may widen as deployment accelerates, producing a shock dynamic similar to 1990s offshoring where workers had no preparation time.

    Medium term · Medium
  • Consequence

    Policymakers relying on current employment statistics will underestimate displacement risk because the primary mechanism is hiring suppression, not firing, which appears later in official data.

    Short term · High
  • Meaning

    The 90% null result at 69% adoption rates confirms the technology is in a pre-deployment productivity phase; the employment shock, if it arrives, will be sudden rather than gradual.

    Long term · Medium
First Reported In

Update #3 · The AI jobs data contradicts itself

NBER (Yotzov, Barrero, Bloom, Bunn, Davis et al)· 28 Mar 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
NBER: nine in ten firms untouched by AI
The largest cross-country executive survey reveals a dangerous information gap: employers expect job losses while their own workers expect gains.
Different Perspectives
Oxford Economics
Oxford Economics
Concluded AI's role in recent layoffs is 'overstated,' finding companies are not replacing workers with AI at scale. Identified slowing growth, weak demand, and cost pressure as the actual drivers.
Ambrish Shah, Systematix Group
Ambrish Shah, Systematix Group
Warned AI coding tools will erode Indian IT firms' labour-arbitrage growth model by reducing enterprise dependency on large vendor teams.
South Korean government
South Korean government
Enacted the world's second comprehensive AI law, choosing an innovation-first framework over prescriptive employment protections — a deliberate contrast to the EU's regulatory approach.
Corporate executives executing AI-driven cuts
Corporate executives executing AI-driven cuts
Frame workforce reductions as existential necessity. Crypto.com CEO Kris Marszalek and Block CEO Jack Dorsey both described AI adoption as a survival imperative, with equity markets reinforcing the message through immediate share-price gains.
Chinese government (Wang Xiaoping)
Chinese government (Wang Xiaoping)
Positions AI as a job-creation engine to absorb 12.7 million annual graduates and offset 300 million retirements, directly contradicting domestic economist Cai Fang's warning that AI job destruction precedes creation.
Klarna and companies reversing AI cuts
Klarna and companies reversing AI cuts
Klarna's public reversal — rehiring the human agents it replaced with AI after customer satisfaction collapsed — validates Gartner's prediction that half of AI-driven service cuts will be undone by 2027.