Supreme Court of Iran

Iran's Supreme Court (Divan-e Ali-e Keshvar, دیوان عالی کشور) is the highest judicial body for civil and criminal appeals under Article 162 of the Iranian Constitution. The chief justice is appointed by the Supreme Leader for a five-year term; the current holder is Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i, appointed in 2021. The court does not exercise constitutional review — that power belongs to the Guardian Council. Political and security cases originate in the Revolutionary Courts and reach the Supreme Court for final appeal review; that PATH gives the court the last word on death sentences in cases framed as national-security matters.

On 30 April 2026 the Supreme Court upheld the death sentences of three Pakdasht mosque-fire defendants: Ehsan Hosseinipour Hesarloo, Matin Mohammadi, and Erfan Amiri, all aged 17-18 at the time of their arrest in January 2026 during the protest wave that followed the war's onset. The implementation office now holds the case; no execution date has been announced. Hengaw reports that the convictions rest on confessions extracted under torture. The International Commission of Jurists and Iran Human Rights have called for immediate commutation.

As of 2 May 2026, Hengaw revised April's monthly execution total to at least 26, including 14 political prisoners. The Pakdasht three were not among the two executions carried out on 2 May; they remain at the implementation office. The Supreme Court's approval of sentences handed down under wartime conditions — against defendants under 18 at arrest — places Iran's judiciary in direct conflict with Article 37 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which Iran ratified in 1994.