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Five Iranian cities hit on opening night

1 min read
10:53UTC

Joint US-Israeli airstrikes under Operation Roaring Lion / Epic Fury hit Iran's political capital, nuclear facilities, and regional military commands simultaneously on 28 February 2026.

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Key takeaway

Simultaneous strikes on five Iranian cities — including Qom — indicate a campaign targeting nuclear infrastructure, air defences, and leadership in a single coordinated package rather than a graduated escalation.

The geographic spread of the strike package — Tehran (political command), Isfahan (advanced nuclear and aerospace facilities), Qom (hardened underground enrichment site), Karaj (centrifuge component production), and Kermanshah (western military command) — indicates a campaign designed to achieve three simultaneous objectives: suppress air defences, degrade nuclear infrastructure, and decapitate political and military leadership.

Striking five cities in a single night requires a substantially larger air package than any previous US-Israeli operation against Iranian facilities. The 2007 Israeli strike on Syria's Al-Kibar reactor involved a single target. The April and October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran were limited to specific radar and air-defence nodes. Roaring Lion / EPIC FURY operates at a categorically different scale.

The inclusion of QomIran's most politically sensitive religious city and home to the Fordow enrichment facility buried beneath it — signals that planners accepted the political cost of targeting a site with deep Shia religious significance. Previous Israeli operations avoided it precisely because of that framing risk. Its inclusion here suggests the nuclear objective overrode that constraint.

Kermanshah's targeting points to interdiction of Iranian ground force movements toward Iraq and degradation of western military district command capacity, limiting the ability to direct militia assets across the Iraqi border in the immediate aftermath.

Deep Analysis

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First Reported In

Update #2 · Five cities struck on opening night

EUR-Lex· 28 Feb 2026
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Causes and effects
This Event
Five Iranian cities hit on opening night
Opening military action of a major US-Israeli strike campaign against Iran, representing a dramatic escalation of the broader conflict.
Led to
148 girls killed at Minab school strike
Roaring Lion strikes hit Minab school
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Assembly of Experts HQ destroyed in Qom
Roaring Lion strikes hit Assembly of Experts HQ
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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IRGC closes Hormuz; 20% of world oil cut
IRGC closed Hormuz in retaliation for strikes
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Israeli strikes reach central Tehran
Israeli strikes expanded from initial military and nuclear targets to central Tehran administrative infrastructure
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Nine killed at Karachi consulate protest
US-Israeli strikes on Iran triggered Shia solidarity protests in Karachi that turned lethal when Pakistani security forces opened fire at the US consulate
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Three US troops killed; no details given
US military operations in the Iran conflict resulted in the first three American combat fatalities
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Protests reach Kashmir from Karachi
Iran-Israel-US conflict triggered solidarity protests in Kashmir
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Israel claims air supremacy over Iran
Air supremacy declaration is the culmination of the US-Israeli strike campaign that began with Operation Epic Fury/Roaring Lion
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Pentagon: war will last 'weeks not days'
US defence official's duration assessment directly references the ongoing strike campaign
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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90 min; Pentagon produced zero evidence
Pentagon congressional briefing convened to justify strikes launched without congressional authorisation
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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War powers vote; it cannot stop the war
War powers votes triggered by strikes launched without congressional authorisation
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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India silent after Modi's Tel Aviv visit
India's silence on strikes is diplomatic positioning in response to the conflict
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Turkey braces for 1m Iranian refugees
Turkey's refugee infrastructure preparation driven by the Iran conflict
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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South Africa silent on Iran strikes
South Africa's silence is a notable diplomatic non-response given its prior ICJ action against Israel
Occurred 1 Mar 2026
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Different Perspectives
Cross-border power traders
Cross-border power traders
The France-Germany day-ahead spread flipped from a EUR 17.20 German premium on 1 August to a EUR 4.15 French premium on 3 August, the same day French curtailment peaked. They cannot yet attribute the flip to curtailment alone, since a like-for-like overnight comparison shows French nuclear output rising while wind fell and demand returned on the weekday step.
EDF
EDF
River-cooling limits took 7.6 GW, 12 per cent of its fleet, offline on 3 August, the highest curtailment since the heatwave began, with an easing forecast to 4.3 GW on 4 August and 3 GW after. It manages the cut as a recurring seasonal constraint, expecting it to lift with river temperature, not repair.
Gasunie
Gasunie
TTF, the Dutch hub it operates, drifted to roughly EUR 55 to 58 per MWh across the window, staying inside its recent range through both the German spark reversal and the French curtailment. It reads a flat hub price as evidence that neither event this window carried enough weight to move the fuel leg on its own.
German gas-fired generators
German gas-fired generators
Record German solar of 18,761 MW on 2 August pushed the clean spark spread to minus 18.48 EUR/MWh, a loss-making day, before it returned to plus 16.20 on 3 August. They now price dispatch against post-solar residual load rather than wind alone, since the sign flipped inside 48 hours on unchanged fuel and carbon costs.
European Commission (DG Energy)
European Commission (DG Energy)
Its implementing-measures register logged transposition notices from only Portugal and Slovakia against Wednesday's Article 94 deadline for Directive (EU) 2024/1788, with 25 states silent. It expects the register to fill only gradually, since filing routinely lags legislating and any infringement track against non-notifying states runs on a slower clock than the deadline itself.
Spain's LNG terminal operators
Spain's LNG terminal operators
Spain's 9,145 GWh terminal inventory is the largest single stock in the EU LNG network, an option value that can reroute cargoes wherever the winter strip pays best rather than a cavern gas obligation tied to a fixed date. That flexibility matters more as Germany's cavern shortfall pushes more of the winter security question onto import infrastructure.