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EU gas storage hits 2018 low

3 min read

12:44UTC

Europe enters injection season with tanks barely a quarter full, the thinnest cushion in five years.

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Key takeaway

EU storage at 28.92% is the lowest April level since 2018, with both Russian gas and flexible LNG impaired.

EU underground gas storage stood at 28.92% full (327 TWh) this week, according to GIE AGSI+ data. That is the lowest level for this point in the year since 2018, and six to twenty percentage points below the five-year seasonal average. Europe must now refill from a deficit while its two traditional safety valves, Russian pipeline gas and flexible LNG supply, are both impaired.

The country-level picture sharpens the risk. Germany, the EU's largest storage holder, sat at just 23% three days later. The Netherlands is at 5.5%, France at 24%. Only Spain (above half full) and Portugal (91.7%) sit comfortably, insulated by Iberian renewables and hydropower.

The seasonal context matters. In April 2022, the last comparable trough, storage touched 26% before a massive injection campaign and demand-reduction mandates pushed levels to 95% by November. But that spring, Russian pipeline gas was still flowing through Q2 and global LNG was not constrained by a Hormuz closure. Neither lever is available now. The refill arithmetic starts from a deeper deficit with fewer supply options.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Gas storage is Europe's energy reserve. Each autumn, European countries pump natural gas underground into giant caverns. Each winter, they draw it out to heat homes and run power stations when demand exceeds what pipelines can deliver in real time. Right now, those reserves are unusually low. At 28.9% full, Europe has less gas in the ground for early April than at any point since 2018. The problem: refilling from this level, while global LNG supply is disrupted and prices are high, will be significantly more expensive than in recent years.

Deep Analysis

Root Causes

Two independent constraints compounded the storage drawdown. First, the 2025-26 heating season ran 4-6% colder than the ten-year average across Central and Northern Europe from November through February, increasing residential and district-heating gas demand at rates that injection-season planning had not provisioned for.

Second, the cessation of Russian pipeline transit via Ukraine in January 2025 permanently removed approximately 12-14 billion cubic metres per year from EU supply, a volume that had been partially offset by Norwegian and Algerian ramp-ups but not fully replaced. The resulting structural supply gap left storages drawing down faster per cold day than they had historically, with no flexible pipeline source to slow the rate of withdrawal.

Escalation

Storage levels through April will determine whether the Commission's reduced 80% target is achievable or whether emergency measures (demand curtailments, cross-border supply obligations) become necessary by October. The first two weeks of injection season are already running below the rate required to close the deficit at current capacity.

What could happen next?

Risk
If injection rates fail to improve from April lows, EU storage will fall short of the revised 80% November target, triggering emergency gas regulation provisions.
Consequence
European industrial gas consumers face sustained spot price exposure above EUR 40/MWh through at least Q3 2026, compressing margins in energy-intensive sectors.

Source Landscape

This story draws on neutral-leaning sources

Primary parallel: In winter 2017-18, EU storage started the injection season at 22% fill (April 2018), the previous modern low. That year, Germany and Austria activated emergency demand-reduction measures in October 2018 when storage failed to reach the then-informal 77% seasonal target by November, causing industrial curtailments in the ammonia and glass sectors.

Counter-parallel: In 2013-14, EU storage entered injection season at 32% fill following the Polar Vortex winter, yet reached 86% by October 2014 because LNG spot prices were low and pipeline gas from Norway and Algeria ran at capacity. The 2026 position differs structurally: LNG spot is constrained by the Hormuz disruption and Asian competition on multiple dimensions beyond price.

The 28.92% starting point implies a refill requirement of approximately 513 TWh to reach 80% by November, based on GIE AGSI+ total EU storage capacity of roughly 1,130 TWh. At EUR 47/MWh (current TTF), that volume costs approximately EUR 24 billion in gas commodity costs alone, excluding regasification capacity charges and transportation tariffs.

The structural risk for forward markets is that storage operators bidding aggressively for injections in April-May will compete directly with industrial buyers, pushing the summer-winter spread wider. The Caisse des Depots estimated in its April 2026 EU energy note that each 1% rise in the summer injection premium translates to approximately EUR 350 million in additional EU industrial energy costs.

Consensus view: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (OIES) analyst Mike Fulwood assessed that a sub-30% April starting point eliminates the traditional buffer against a cold May, meaning any late-spring demand spike arrives with no shock absorber beyond LNG spot purchasing at the worst-possible seasonal price.

Counter-view: Rystad Energy's European gas desk argues the headline fill figure understates working-gas availability because 2022-era cavern capacity expansions added roughly 18 TWh of usable volume not captured in percentage comparisons against pre-2022 baselines, making the 2026 deficit less severe than a raw percentage comparison implies.

Key tension: Whether the volumetric expansion of EU storage capacity since 2022 materially reduces the practical risk at 28.9% fill, or whether the injection rate ceiling (not the absolute volume) is the binding constraint this summer.

Sources:GIE AGSI+ / Energy News Beat

Mentions:GIE AGSI+ →European Union →France →Rystad Energy →Portugal →Netherlands →Prima →Norway →Germany →Algeria →Russia →

First Reported In

Update #1 · Europe's thinnest gas cushion since 2018

GIE AGSI+ / Energy News Beat· 13 Apr 2026

Read original →

Causes and effects

This Event

EU gas storage hits 2018 low

The 28.92% fill level sets the baseline deficit for the entire 2026 refill campaign and will determine how aggressively utilities must compete for LNG cargoes through summer.

Led to

EU gas storage at 29.55% on 13 April

EU storage reaching 29.55% on 13 April represents a 0.63pp gain from the 28.92% baseline recorded on 9 April.

Occurred 13 Apr 2026

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Different Perspectives

Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp gas trading desks

TTF failing to sustain EUR 47-plus with 51 mcm/day of Norwegian supply offline confirms EUR 50 as a diplomatic ceiling rather than a physical floor; the curve is priced as a Troll-restart long, not a storage-deficit short. Winter Cal-26 long versus summer TTF short is the structural position FNB Gas's broken-mechanism verdict supports.

European Commission and DG Energy

The Commission lowered the mandatory fill target from 90% to 80% and published the 11 May ETS benchmark revision saving industry EUR 4 billion, choosing industrial competitiveness over storage ambition at the moment physical injection margins narrowed. Berlin's confirmation of no summer injection scheme came with no Commission counter-instrument.

Hungarian and Slovak industrial offtakers

Hungary and Slovakia pay a EUR 2-plus delivered-gas premium over TTF benchmark prices regardless of ACER's improved pipeline-congestion reading, and both are litigating the 17 June EU pipeline ban at the CJEU (ID:3229). A post-17 June tightening of TurkStream supply would widen that basis further.

EBN and Dutch state

The Dutch state trebled EBN's mandate from 25 to 80 TWh, leaving EBN the sole active Dutch injector after the January auctions drew zero commercial bookings (ID:3637). The EUR 233m state budget cap is the binding cost ceiling; above-market injection at EBN is a fiscal transfer, not a market outcome.

CRE and French gas operators

France's 100% mandatory CRE booking order is carrying French injection regardless of the inverted strip, providing EU aggregate cover that Germany's abolished levy cannot supply. The order renews annually on CRE decision, making it a political risk rather than a structural guarantee.

FNB Gas and German TSOs

FNB Gas formally declared the market-based storage-refill framework broken on 27 May, citing zero-clearing January auctions, ten days after Berlin ruled out any summer injection scheme. The intervention sets the institutional predicate for reintroducing a storage levy; the Gasspeicherumlage precedent (2022-25) confirms the administrative path is open.