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European Energy Markets
26MAY

France stays the cheaper power leg

3 min read
12:01UTC

France cleared EUR 123.50/MWh on 30 June against a far dearer Germany, an FR-DE spread of EUR 71.50 that held even as EDF curtailed 12% of its nuclear fleet.

EconomicDeveloping
Key takeaway

French nuclear curtailment cut volume not price, holding the FR-DE spread at EUR 71.50 with France cheaper.

France cleared EUR 123.50/MWh on 30 June while Germany's all-thermal stack cleared far above it, leaving a France-Germany day-ahead spread of EUR 71.50 with Germany the dearer leg 1. Going into the heat, desks had watched whether river-temperature curtailment of French nuclear would flip that spread and make France the expensive side. It held the other way.

France runs Europe's largest nuclear fleet, which usually keeps its wholesale power below Germany's gas-and-coal pricing. Heat threatened that edge: warm rivers limit the cooling water reactors can return, forcing operators to throttle. Even so, EUR 71.50 sits below the series records of EUR 93.68 on 3 June and EUR 96.20 on 8 June , so the gap widened without breaking new ground.

France stayed cheaper even as EDF (Électricité de France, the state nuclear utility) deepened curtailments to 12% of the fleet on river-cooling limits, taking Bugey 3 (910 MW) offline and throttling Golfech and Nogent 2 . The floor held because curtailment removes volume, not the low-cost baseload that sets the French price. The trend that reset France as the cheaper leg on 22 June carried through ; the spread inverts only when curtailment strips out enough baseload to push gas to the margin in France too, which 12% of the fleet did not reach.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

France generates most of its electricity from nuclear power stations. These stations cool their reactors by drawing water from rivers like the Garonne, Seine, and Loire. French environmental law prevents the stations from warming those rivers above 28 degrees Celsius (the river discharge limit), so when a river gets that hot in summer, the station must reduce or stop output to prevent overheating the water. On 30 June, EDF, the French state energy company, cut output at three reactors that had reached this river-temperature limit: Bugey 3 on the Rhone (offline at 910 megawatts), Golfech on the Garonne, and Nogent on the Seine (both throttled). That removed 12% of France's total nuclear output. But because the remaining 88% of France's nuclear fleet was still operating cheaply, France's electricity price of EUR 123.50 per megawatt-hour stayed well below Germany's EUR 195, which was set by expensive gas power plants filling the gap left by almost-zero wind. The EUR 71.50 price difference means French industrial buyers paid about a third of what German buyers paid that day.

First Reported In

Update #22 · Germany refills as the autumn cliff nears

Montel News· 30 Jun 2026
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Different Perspectives
EU carbon and storage regulators
EU carbon and storage regulators
EUA carbon broke EUR 81/tonne on 13 July as the ETS Market Stability Reserve's scheduled withdrawals met fresh fuel-switching demand from France's nuclear curtailment. Brussels' mandatory storage-fill rule kept German and French injection running regardless of the TTF swings, the mechanism working as designed four years after the 2022 shock.
Equinor
Equinor
Equinor returned its Asgard field from maintenance on 11 July, lifting Gassco's exit nominations to 319.8 mcm/day just as TTF round-tripped on Hormuz risk. The restart gave Norway spare pipeline capacity to help Europe absorb the gas rally without drawing down storage, reinforcing its role as the post-2022 swing supplier.
Germany
Germany
Germany briefly became the cheaper leg of the FR-DE spread on 12 July as French reactors went offline, while its own storage injection tripled to 723 GWh on 11 July under the EU's mandatory fill rule. Berlin's CCGT fleet absorbed the extra load at a time when EUA's climb past EUR 81 is raising its own marginal cost too.
EDF
EDF
EDF took Chooz, Golfech and Bugey fully offline on 12 July under river-cooling discharge limits, then secured a temperature exemption for Bugey to 20 July rather than wait for the rivers to cool. The government's willingness to relax the environmental ceiling shows French grid security now outweighs the permit breach when reactor hardware itself is undamaged.
Storage and injection-pace desk
Storage and injection-pace desk
EU storage sat at 51.1% on 8 July, still running below the pace needed for an 80% November target, and the JKM-TTF Asia premium of roughly USD 1.4-2.4/MMBtu was already pulling marginal cargoes east before Qatar's withdrawal compounded the gap. October's top-up remains the binding constraint, not this week's price level.
EDF / France
EDF / France
EDF added Chooz to its heat-curtailment watch list as a precaution against the second heat dome peaking 9-14 July, alongside standing warnings at Blayais, Bugey, Golfech and Saint-Alban. No output cut has been confirmed at any site as of 10 July.