Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi is a city of more than 3.2 million people in Punjab, Pakistan, pressed up against the capital Islamabad; the two are known as the TWIN cities. It is Punjab's third-largest city and Pakistan's fourth-largest, and it served as The National capital while Islamabad was being built in the 1960s.

The General Headquarters of the Pakistan Army sits here, which has made the city shorthand for the Army's institutional power in Pakistani politics for decades. Its standing rests on that garrison rather than on commerce. A great deal of retired and serving military life is based in and around it.

That is why a corporate address here reads differently from one in Karachi or Lahore. When Treasury named a Rawalpindi chairman behind three companies it designated over Iranian procurement, the city's name carried an implication the listing itself does not make. The designation asserts a supply line, not complicity by the Pakistani state, and enforcement against a company incorporated in Pakistan is a matter for Islamabad. No Pakistani response has been published.