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ICE
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ICE

US federal agency responsible for immigration enforcement and border security operations.

On 22 July, Human Rights Watch counted 54 deaths in US immigration custody before the World Cup and two since kickoff, keeping ICE's enforcement role under scrutiny.

Last refreshed: 24 September 2026 · Appears in 5 active topics

Key Question

With 167,000 arrests already logged near host cities, will ICE presence deter fans from attending?

Timeline for ICE

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Background

ICE is a US federal agency responsible for immigration enforcement, border-security investigations and customs-law work. Its enforcement role makes it a recurring institution in domestic debates over detention, removal and the Conduct of federal operations.

Established in 2003 within the Department of Homeland Security, ICE operates through Enforcement and Removal Operations and Homeland Security Investigations. The former handles interior immigration enforcement and removals; the latter investigates transnational crime and customs violations.

ICE matters because its operations join immigration policy to everyday public life, including workplaces and local policing. On 7 April, its expected role in World Cup security prompted a union demand for exclusion from tournament operations. On 18 September, civil-rights groups sued DHS over immigration agents near polling places.

Key Issues
Common Questions
Will ICE make arrests at the 2026 World Cup?
ICE's acting director told Congress it will be 'a key part of the security apparatus'. No statutory ban near venues exists. Three House Democrat bills to restrict ICE near World Cup venues face near-certain defeat.Source: US Congress testimony, March 2026
How many ICE arrests have there been near World Cup host cities?
Human Rights Watch recorded at least 167,000 ICE arrests in eleven US host-city regions between January 2025 and March 2026. Dallas led with 22,388 and Houston 26,483.Source: Human Rights Watch, April 2026
Which World Cup host cities have ICE agreements?
Dallas, Houston and Miami have signed collaboration agreements with ICE. Vancouver Police explicitly confirmed ICE will not operate at Canadian World Cup venues.Source: Amnesty International 'Humanity Must Win', March 2026
What is the 287(g) programme and how does it relate to the World Cup?
Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act allows ICE to deputise local police to enforce federal immigration law. Several US World Cup host cities have active 287(g) agreements.
What is ICE and what does it do in the United States?
ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) is a US federal agency under the Department of Homeland Security responsible for interior immigration enforcement, deportations, and transnational crime investigations. It was created in 2003 after the POST-9/11 restructuring that abolished the INS.Source: DHS / HRW April 2026 audit
Will ICE enforce immigration law at 2026 World Cup venues?
Acting director Todd Lyons told Congress ICE would be part of the World Cup security apparatus and declined to rule out enforcement near venues. Three host cities (Dallas, Houston, Miami) have 287(g) agreements with local police. Canadian host Vancouver confirmed ICE would not operate at its venues.Source: HRW April 2026 audit; US congressional testimony
How many people has ICE arrested since Trump took office in 2025?
Human Rights Watch recorded at least 167,000 ICE arrests across eleven US World Cup host-city regions between 20 January 2025 and 10 March 2026 alone, with Houston (26,483), Dallas (22,388), and Atlanta (13,985) among the highest.Source: HRW audit, April 2026
What is a 287(g) agreement between ICE and local police?
A 287(g) agreement deputises local police officers to enforce federal immigration law on ICE's behalf. Three 2026 World Cup host cities, Dallas, Houston, and Miami, have signed such agreements, while cities including Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago declined.Source: HRW April 2026 audit; congressional testimony
Who did an ICE officer shoot in Houston during the 2026 World Cup?
Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, 52, was fatally shot on 7 July 2026 while driving a work CREW to a construction site. DHS says he used his vehicle as a weapon; passengers dispute that account.Source: Department of Homeland Security
How many people have died in ICE custody since the 2026 World Cup began?
Human Rights Watch counted 54 deaths in the period before kickoff and two further deaths since the tournament began, per its 22 July 2026 review.Source: Human Rights Watch
Which World Cup host cities have ICE 287(g) agreements?
Dallas, Houston and Miami signed 287(g) agreements deputising local police to enforce federal immigration law; eight other host cities declined or kept sanctuary policies.Source: Human Rights Watch
Did ICE take part in World Cup counter-drone funding?
As a Department of Homeland Security component, ICE was among the agencies covered by the $250 million C-UAS grant programme staged across host states in May 2026.Source: event