22JUN

Australia puts sea mines in Ghost Shark

2 min read

13:56UTC

Ghost Shark can now carry up to twelve sea mines, launch Altius attack drones and drop supply caches, Australia disclosed.

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Key takeaway

Ghost Shark gained mine, drone and supply payloads that Australia now pitches for export.

The Australian Department of Defence disclosed on 19 October that Ghost Shark, the extra-large autonomous submarine built with Anduril, can carry up to twelve sea mines at a time⁠¹. Two other previously classified payloads were revealed alongside it: Anduril's Altius aerial drones, launched from the vehicle, and supply caches for special forces. An Altius can scout, or carry about 4kg of explosives against a vessel.

"Those Ghost Sharks now have teeth," said Pat Conroy, the defence industry minister. He named payloads as Australia's export focus under AUKUS Pillar Two, the strand of the Australia-UK-US pact covering shared advanced technology rather than nuclear submarines. Conroy said he "hasn't given up hope" that Britain and the US take an interest in the vehicle itself. The first boat arrived in January this year under an A$1.7bn (about £873m) contract, and Defence says "dozens and dozens" will follow.

Uncrewed minelaying has a recent precedent: a MARLIN uncrewed vessel laid a MALAMAN training mine in August. Ghost Sharks also sailed in the Maritime Big Play exercise off San Diego.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Ghost Shark is a large robot submarine bought by Australia's Department of Defence. It travels underwater for long periods with no crew aboard. Until now Australia kept secret what it would carry. The government has now said it can lay sea mines, launch small flying drones that can spy or attack boats, and drop supplies for special forces. AUKUS is the defence pact between Australia, Britain and the US, and Australia hopes its partners will buy these add-on systems.

Deep Analysis

Root Causes

An extra-large robot submarine needs a reason to exist beyond reconnaissance, which smaller and cheaper vehicles already do. Mines, launched aerial drones and supply caches each use the one thing Ghost Shark has that small vehicles lack: internal volume and long range.

Export policy shapes the payload focus too. A whole vehicle invites partner navies to build their own, while a payload with a standard interface can ride on many allied hulls, giving Australian industry a market without needing allies to buy Australian submarines.

What could happen next?

Consequence
Ghost Shark moves from a surveillance vehicle to an armed one in Australian planning.
Opportunity
Australian payload makers could win AUKUS export orders if US or UK vehicles adopt compatible interfaces.

Source Landscape

This story draws on centre-left-leaning sources from United States

United States

Primary parallel: Stark Defence and MBDA said on 30 September 2026 they would fit four Sea Venom missiles and ten Cascade loitering munitions to a 12m uncrewed boat, while describing the missile work as early. Ghost Shark's payload list follows the same order: announce the weapon fit, then test it.

Counter-parallel: Turkey's MKE took the other order. Its one-way-attack uncrewed boat destroyed a surface target with a 100kg live warhead during the Denizkurdu-I/2026 exercise in September, before any export pitch.

The A$1.7bn contract signed in 2025 funds the vehicles. The three payloads have no published price, so the cost of arming the fleet is outside that figure.

An Altius launched from underwater gives a small strike option without a ship or aircraft nearby. If allies buy the payloads, Australian revenue would come per payload rather than per hull.

Consensus view: Pat Conroy, Australia's defence industry minister, told reporters in Sydney that payloads, not the vehicle, are Australia's export focus under AUKUS Pillar Two, while he 'hasn't given up hope' Britain and the US take an interest in Ghost Shark itself. ABC News reported that Defence will say only that 'dozens and dozens' of vehicles will follow under the A$1.7bn contract.

Counter-view: Britain's Ministry of Defence announced on 27 October that it will lead three other AUKUS payloads. The two allies are each claiming a payload niche, which leaves the mine and drone payloads competing with British sensors for the same three fleets rather than forming one joint set.

Key tension: Whether Canberra can sell payloads designed around Ghost Shark's interfaces to navies that have not bought Ghost Shark, or whether the payloads only travel with the hull.

First Reported In

Update #14 · UK names HII at £303m; its tender said £125m

ABC News· 8 Nov 2026

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Causes and effects

Caused by

UK to lead three AUKUS undersea payloads

Australia pitched Ghost Shark payloads as AUKUS Pillar Two exports while the UK claimed three payload leads.

Occurred 27 Oct 2026

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This Event

Australia puts sea mines in Ghost Shark

Australia is pitching Ghost Shark's payloads, as well as the vehicle itself, as its AUKUS export offer.

Different Perspectives

Cross-border power traders

The France-Germany day-ahead spread flipped from a EUR 17.20 German premium on 1 August to a EUR 4.15 French premium on 3 August, the same day French curtailment peaked. They cannot yet attribute the flip to curtailment alone, since a like-for-like overnight comparison shows French nuclear output rising while wind fell and demand returned on the weekday step.

EDF

River-cooling limits took 7.6 GW, 12 per cent of its fleet, offline on 3 August, the highest curtailment since the heatwave began, with an easing forecast to 4.3 GW on 4 August and 3 GW after. It manages the cut as a recurring seasonal constraint, expecting it to lift with river temperature, not repair.

Gasunie

TTF, the Dutch hub it operates, drifted to roughly EUR 55 to 58 per MWh across the window, staying inside its recent range through both the German spark reversal and the French curtailment. It reads a flat hub price as evidence that neither event this window carried enough weight to move the fuel leg on its own.

German gas-fired generators

Record German solar of 18,761 MW on 2 August pushed the clean spark spread to minus 18.48 EUR/MWh, a loss-making day, before it returned to plus 16.20 on 3 August. They now price dispatch against post-solar residual load rather than wind alone, since the sign flipped inside 48 hours on unchanged fuel and carbon costs.

European Commission (DG Energy)

Its implementing-measures register logged transposition notices from only Portugal and Slovakia against Wednesday's Article 94 deadline for Directive (EU) 2024/1788, with 25 states silent. It expects the register to fill only gradually, since filing routinely lags legislating and any infringement track against non-notifying states runs on a slower clock than the deadline itself.

Spain's LNG terminal operators

Spain's 9,145 GWh terminal inventory is the largest single stock in the EU LNG network, an option value that can reroute cargoes wherever the winter strip pays best rather than a cavern gas obligation tied to a fixed date. That flexibility matters more as Germany's cavern shortfall pushes more of the winter security question onto import infrastructure.

Written with AI from Lowdown's published reporting. Not individually reviewed by an editor. Editorial standards.