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Data Centres: Boom and Backlash
2JUN

Five US moratorium votes in seven days

4 min read
10:42UTC

Camden County Georgia enacted a 9-month freeze on Tuesday 5 May; Normal Illinois, Denver, Seattle and Minneapolis all hold their own moratorium votes in the week beginning Friday 15 May.

IndustryDeveloping
Key takeaway

Maine's veto pushed the moratorium fight below the state line, and five separate councils now decide it in seven days.

Camden County, Georgia enacted a 9-month data-centre moratorium on Tuesday 5 May, the first local pause in a state operators had treated as a clean political runway 1. Normal, Illinois voted on a 6-month pause on Friday 15 May. Denver votes Monday 18 May on a one-year moratorium that would take effect three days later if approved. Seattle's Parks and City Light Committee and Land Use and Sustainability Committee both meet on Wednesday 20 May to vote on the 365-day freeze introduced on 30 April after City Light received 369 MW of new connection requests . Minneapolis votes Thursday 21 May, alongside Minnesota's HF 4888 statewide pause. South Dakota's SB 135, which authorises local governments to ban data-centre construction outright, has already passed.

The vote calendar lands two weeks after Maine Governor Janet Mills vetoed LD 307 and the House sustained the veto on Wednesday 29 April . The veto did not slow the movement; it relocated it to a jurisdictional layer where no single industry lobbying campaign can contain it. Good Jobs First tracks 11 active state bills and dozens of enacted local pauses; the datacenterbans.com tracker now updates weekly. The South Dakota authorisation model is the most consequential of the lot: a state legislature voluntarily ceding the right to pre-empt local bans converts every county hearing into a potentially binding moratorium vote.

The industry's communications case rests on the job-creation argument used in Camden County and lost. A commissioned hyperscale campus typically employs a few dozen staff, a figure that maps poorly onto the construction-jobs framing that builds local political support for refineries or auto plants. Lobbying capacity built to contest one state house at a time now has to run dozens of city-council fights in parallel, with the tax-abatement case making a weaker showing at municipal scale than under a state-level subsidy umbrella. The 18-21 May results will signal whether Camden County is the lead indicator or the outlier.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Cities across the United States are voting on whether to stop new data centres being built in their areas, at least temporarily. Camden County in Georgia voted yes in early May. Normal in Illinois, Denver, Seattle and Minneapolis all had votes scheduled within a single week in May 2026. This wave of local opposition follows a failed attempt to get a statewide ban in Maine: the governor vetoed that bill in late April. When the state-level route closed, opponents moved to city and county level instead, where each local council can make its own rules. A Gallup poll found that 71% of Americans oppose having a data centre built near them.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The shift from state to municipal is driven by two structural features of US land-use law. First, data-centre zoning is almost universally a local planning function: state economic-development agencies can offer subsidies but cannot override local zoning boards on permitted use.

Second, municipal utilities, particularly those with public ownership like Seattle City Light, give city councils a direct service-denial lever that bypasses the planning system entirely, connecting the moratorium to utility infrastructure rather than zoning law.

The tax-abatement case that industry communications rely on is also weaker at municipal scale: state-level abatements are negotiated by economic-development agencies with year-round staff and multi-year modelling capacity. Municipal councils face the same developers with far less institutional preparation, and the Camden County result suggests the Loudoun tax-abatement playbook does not transfer without the subsidy infrastructure behind it.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    Industry lobbying capacity, built for one state legislature at a time, must now contest dozens of simultaneous city and county hearings with no single coordinating authority.

    Short term · 0.85
  • Risk

    South Dakota SB 135's pre-emption waiver model, if adopted by further state legislatures, removes the fallback that industry has relied on when losing local fights.

    Medium term · 0.7
  • Precedent

    A majority of 'no' votes across the 18-21 May calendar would establish a municipal moratorium posture as the default US local response to large data-centre proposals, regardless of state policy.

    Short term · 0.65
First Reported In

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MultiState· 16 May 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
Five US moratorium votes in seven days
After Maine's state-level veto, the moratorium movement has fractured into a city-and-county layer that no single industry lobbying campaign can contain.
Different Perspectives
Singapore / IMDA
Singapore / IMDA
IMDA's Green Data Centre Roadmap releases 500 MW under non-negotiable PUE 1.3, liquid-cooling, and green-energy conditions set before construction, ending a seven-year freeze without triggering the consent or cost fights fragmenting three US regulatory fronts simultaneously.
US residential electricity ratepayers and community residents
US residential electricity ratepayers and community residents
Households in PJM's 13 states face grid-reinforcement costs defaulting to their bills if states miss the September deadline, while Lake Anna residents face a cooling-water permit that can clear Virginia law without any PFAS monitoring. Both costs are externalised at the regulatory stage and disputed only after the fact.
EdgeConneX in Italy (EU market)
EdgeConneX in Italy (EU market)
EdgeConneX committed €3bn to Italian data-centre capacity starting in 2026, routing capital to a jurisdiction where AI Act and NIS2 mandates create structural demand for EU-resident compute and the government actively attracts investment; Virginia's fiscal standoff and US moratoriums are redirecting pipeline offshore.
Enbridge and Baker Hughes (firmed-power and oilfield-services suppliers)
Enbridge and Baker Hughes (firmed-power and oilfield-services suppliers)
Enbridge committed $1.2bn to Wyoming solar-plus-storage for Meta and Baker Hughes redirected oilfield drilling capacity into enhanced geothermal in New Mexico; both companies are routing capital away from fossil infrastructure into data-centre power procurement at precisely the moment BTM gas became a federal curtailment target.
US federal regulators (DOE and FERC)
US federal regulators (DOE and FERC)
DOE reached for Section 202(c) twice in five months naming the same BTM load class, while FERC rejected PJM's bid to redefine the 20 MW co-located load threshold in April; together they have treated private data-centre generation as a dispatchable grid resource before the permanent RM26-4-000 rule settling its legal status has been written.
European energy regulators and climate advocates
European energy regulators and climate advocates
GE Vernova's 100 GW gas-turbine backlog, driven by AI data-centre demand, puts IEA net-zero pathways under pressure: 15-27 GW of onsite gas is forecast for US data centres by 2030. The Amazon Boardman $20.5m pollution settlement gives environmental litigation a financial template it previously lacked.