Skip to content
Briefings are running a touch slower this week while we rebuild the foundations.See roadmap
Data Centres: Boom and Backlash
16MAY

Five US moratorium votes in seven days

4 min read
13:06UTC

Camden County Georgia enacted a 9-month freeze on Tuesday 5 May; Normal Illinois, Denver, Seattle and Minneapolis all hold their own moratorium votes in the week beginning Friday 15 May.

IndustryDeveloping
Key takeaway

Maine's veto pushed the moratorium fight below the state line, and five separate councils now decide it in seven days.

Camden County, Georgia enacted a 9-month data-centre moratorium on Tuesday 5 May, the first local pause in a state operators had treated as a clean political runway 1. Normal, Illinois voted on a 6-month pause on Friday 15 May. Denver votes Monday 18 May on a one-year moratorium that would take effect three days later if approved. Seattle's Parks and City Light Committee and Land Use and Sustainability Committee both meet on Wednesday 20 May to vote on the 365-day freeze introduced on 30 April after City Light received 369 MW of new connection requests . Minneapolis votes Thursday 21 May, alongside Minnesota's HF 4888 statewide pause. South Dakota's SB 135, which authorises local governments to ban data-centre construction outright, has already passed.

The vote calendar lands two weeks after Maine Governor Janet Mills vetoed LD 307 and the House sustained the veto on Wednesday 29 April . The veto did not slow the movement; it relocated it to a jurisdictional layer where no single industry lobbying campaign can contain it. Good Jobs First tracks 11 active state bills and dozens of enacted local pauses; the datacenterbans.com tracker now updates weekly. The South Dakota authorisation model is the most consequential of the lot: a state legislature voluntarily ceding the right to pre-empt local bans converts every county hearing into a potentially binding moratorium vote.

The industry's communications case rests on the job-creation argument used in Camden County and lost. A commissioned hyperscale campus typically employs a few dozen staff, a figure that maps poorly onto the construction-jobs framing that builds local political support for refineries or auto plants. Lobbying capacity built to contest one state house at a time now has to run dozens of city-council fights in parallel, with the tax-abatement case making a weaker showing at municipal scale than under a state-level subsidy umbrella. The 18-21 May results will signal whether Camden County is the lead indicator or the outlier.

Deep Analysis

In plain English

Cities across the United States are voting on whether to stop new data centres being built in their areas, at least temporarily. Camden County in Georgia voted yes in early May. Normal in Illinois, Denver, Seattle and Minneapolis all had votes scheduled within a single week in May 2026. This wave of local opposition follows a failed attempt to get a statewide ban in Maine: the governor vetoed that bill in late April. When the state-level route closed, opponents moved to city and county level instead, where each local council can make its own rules. A Gallup poll found that 71% of Americans oppose having a data centre built near them.

Deep Analysis
Root Causes

The shift from state to municipal is driven by two structural features of US land-use law. First, data-centre zoning is almost universally a local planning function: state economic-development agencies can offer subsidies but cannot override local zoning boards on permitted use.

Second, municipal utilities, particularly those with public ownership like Seattle City Light, give city councils a direct service-denial lever that bypasses the planning system entirely, connecting the moratorium to utility infrastructure rather than zoning law.

The tax-abatement case that industry communications rely on is also weaker at municipal scale: state-level abatements are negotiated by economic-development agencies with year-round staff and multi-year modelling capacity. Municipal councils face the same developers with far less institutional preparation, and the Camden County result suggests the Loudoun tax-abatement playbook does not transfer without the subsidy infrastructure behind it.

What could happen next?
  • Consequence

    Industry lobbying capacity, built for one state legislature at a time, must now contest dozens of simultaneous city and county hearings with no single coordinating authority.

    Short term · 0.85
  • Risk

    South Dakota SB 135's pre-emption waiver model, if adopted by further state legislatures, removes the fallback that industry has relied on when losing local fights.

    Medium term · 0.7
  • Precedent

    A majority of 'no' votes across the 18-21 May calendar would establish a municipal moratorium posture as the default US local response to large data-centre proposals, regardless of state policy.

    Short term · 0.65
First Reported In

Update #3 · OpenAI cuts $800bn; rivals double down

MultiState· 16 May 2026
Read original
Causes and effects
This Event
Five US moratorium votes in seven days
After Maine's state-level veto, the moratorium movement has fractured into a city-and-county layer that no single industry lobbying campaign can contain.
Different Perspectives
European energy regulators and climate advocates
European energy regulators and climate advocates
GE Vernova's 100 GW gas-turbine backlog, driven by AI data-centre demand, puts IEA net-zero pathways under pressure: 15-27 GW of onsite gas is forecast for US data centres by 2030. The Amazon Boardman $20.5m pollution settlement gives environmental litigation a financial template it previously lacked.
Irish Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU)
Irish Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU)
The CRU-compliant Pure DC behind-the-meter template gives operators a replicable European consent pathway outside the UK queue. Ireland's existing hyperscaler density and the CRU framework's behind-the-meter provisions make it the lowest-friction large-load jurisdiction in Europe for 2026 approvals.
Nordic operators (Equinix-CPP-atNorth, Aikido Technologies)
Nordic operators (Equinix-CPP-atNorth, Aikido Technologies)
Equinix's CPP-atNorth acquisition and Aikido's AO60DC floating-wind pilot at METCentre Norway offer hyperscalers a consented, low-carbon supply chain that bypasses both US moratorium risk and European grid queues. Norway's renewable surplus and Fingrid connection windows make the Nordic corridor the clearest alternative supply chain in the current environment.
G42 and Abu Dhabi sovereign funds
G42 and Abu Dhabi sovereign funds
G42 and Khazna are tracking Stargate UAE phase 1 for Q3 2026 commissioning with a sovereign anchor tenant. The model insulates the project from community opposition and planning litigation, making Abu Dhabi the furthest-advanced non-US build on the current verified green-light map.
UK Government and NESO
UK Government and NESO
NESO began issuing Gate 2 Phase 1 transmission connection offers this week against a 116 GW applications backlog, with electricity discounts and HV self-build rights attached. The UK is using grid access as an industrial-policy instrument to attract compute investment redirected from US jurisdictions with active moratoriums.
US hyperscalers and OpenAI
US hyperscalers and OpenAI
The four big hyperscalers raised collective 2026 guidance to ~$725bn while OpenAI compressed its own commitment by 57% to $600bn and pivoted to leased compute; the divergence shows capital allocation cycles running independently of AI developer demand, with hyperscalers betting that transformer-slot scarcity in 2027 is riskier than current community opposition.