Grosseto

Grosseto is a city in southern Tuscany, Italy, in the Maremma, a coastal plain once known for Malaria. In 1997 a local woman WHO had not travelled abroad fell ill with Plasmodium vivax Malaria. The investigators' conclusion was that an Anopheles mosquito native to the area had Fed first on an infected traveller living nearby, then on her. The case, reported in The Lancet, traced the likely source to a girl WHO had arrived from India and still carried the parasite months later.

No second case followed, yet the episode proved that native European mosquitoes can still transmit the parasite. A 2012 study in Malaria Journal assessed the risk of Malaria returning to the Maremma through the Anopheles labranchiae mosquito.

In 2026 eight people with no travel history caught falciparum malaria around Frankfurt Airport, and three died. Unlike Grosseto, no Anopheles mosquito has turned up in the city health department's traps around Frankfurt Airport, and ECDC considers infected mosquitoes arriving on aircraft the likely cause.