GNI

Gross national income (GNI) measures the total income earned by a country's residents and businesses, both at home and abroad, divided by population to give GNI per Capita. It differs from GDP by including net income from overseas investment and remittances rather than counting only domestic output.

South Korea's July 2026 F-1-D Visa Reform uses per-Capita GNI as its eligibility yardstick: under-35s settling outside Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi Province now qualify at roughly the 2025 figure of $36,963, well below the pilot scheme's flat two-times-GNI threshold.