Entities from European Union
50 entities tracked across Lowdown briefings.
Organisations
14
Berlin GroupEuropean open payment standards initiative developing technical specifications for retail payment systems; signed digital euro standards agreement with the ECB.
European open payment standards initiative developing technical specifications for retail payment systems; signed digital euro standards agreement with the ECB.
Champions LeagueUEFA's premier European club competition and the benchmark for elite-level football quality.
UEFA's premier European club competition and the benchmark for elite-level football quality.
College of CommissionersEU Commission body of 27 Commissioners that formally adopts or defers legislative packages by collective vote.
EU Commission body of 27 Commissioners that formally adopts or defers legislative packages by collective vote.
ECBEuro area central bank; leads digital euro project and monetary policy for 340 million people.
Euro area central bank; leads digital euro project and monetary policy for 340 million people.
ECPCEuropean Cards Payment Consortium; signed standards agreements with the ECB to facilitate digital euro payment processing.
European Cards Payment Consortium; signed standards agreements with the ECB to facilitate digital euro payment processing.
ENISAEU Agency for Cybersecurity; NIS360 2026 placed railway, water and waste water newly in the risk zone.
EU Agency for Cybersecurity; NIS360 2026 placed railway, water and waste water newly in the risk zone.
European ParliamentEU's directly elected 720-member legislature; delayed AI worker rules and is scrutinising FIFA ticketing.
EU's directly elected 720-member legislature; delayed AI worker rules and is scrutinising FIFA ticketing.
European UnionPolitical and economic union of 27 European member states with common trade, regulatory, and foreign policy frameworks.
Political and economic union of 27 European member states with common trade, regulatory, and foreign policy frameworks.
EuropolEuropol is the European Union's law enforcement agency headquartered in The Hague, coordinating cross-border criminal investigations and cyber takedowns across EU member states and partner countries.
Europol is the European Union's law enforcement agency headquartered in The Hague, coordinating cross-border criminal investigations and cyber takedowns across EU member states and partner countries.
GAIA-XEuropean data infrastructure and cloud sovereignty project launched by France and Germany.
European data infrastructure and cloud sovereignty project launched by France and Germany.
Gas Market Task ForceJoint DG Energy, ACER and ESMA body assessing EU gas market functioning under the Clean Industrial Deal.
Joint DG Energy, ACER and ESMA body assessing EU gas market functioning under the Clean Industrial Deal.
nexo standardsEuropean payment-standards body providing open protocols for payment transaction exchange; signed digital euro standards agreement with the ECB.
European payment-standards body providing open protocols for payment transaction exchange; signed digital euro standards agreement with the ECB.
Single Digital Entry PointEU national portal for STR platform data under Regulation 2024/1028; live in five member states.
EU national portal for STR platform data under Regulation 2024/1028; live in five member states.
Telecom CouncilEU Council configuration of telecom ministers; scheduled to receive CAIDA on 9 June 2026.
EU Council configuration of telecom ministers; scheduled to receive CAIDA on 9 June 2026.Legislation
17
CBAMThe Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is an EU regulation imposing a carbon price on imports of specified goods from countries without equivalent carbon pricing, phased in from 2026.
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is an EU regulation imposing a carbon price on imports of specified goods from countries without equivalent carbon pricing, phased in from 2026.
Cloud and AI Development ActEU law (CAIDA) to ban US cloud from sensitive EU public-sector data; blocked a third time by US trade pressure on 27 May 2026.
EU law (CAIDA) to ban US cloud from sensitive EU public-sector data; blocked a third time by US trade pressure on 27 May 2026.
Cyber Resilience ActEU regulation imposing cybersecurity requirements on connected hardware and software products.
EU regulation imposing cybersecurity requirements on connected hardware and software products.
Digital Markets ActEU law regulating major platform gatekeepers; Brussels now preparing a record Google self-preferencing fine under Article 6(5) before summer recess.
EU law regulating major platform gatekeepers; Brussels now preparing a record Google self-preferencing fine under Article 6(5) before summer recess.
Digital OmnibusEU legislative package delaying AI Act workplace rules to December 2027 and downgrading employer AI-literacy duty to non-binding; formal adoption due before 2 August 2026.
EU legislative package delaying AI Act workplace rules to December 2027 and downgrading employer AI-literacy duty to non-binding; formal adoption due before 2 August 2026.
Directive 2018/2001EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II); amended by Directive 2024/1711 on electricity market design.
EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II); amended by Directive 2024/1711 on electricity market design.
Directive 2024/1711EU electricity-market reform directive; three member states 15 months late on transposition.
EU electricity-market reform directive; three member states 15 months late on transposition.
eIDASEU regulation establishing a framework for electronic identification and trust services.
EU regulation establishing a framework for electronic identification and trust services.
Energy Charter Treaty Article 26Energy Charter Treaty Article 26
Energy Charter Treaty Article 26
EU Emissions Trading SystemThe EU's cap-and-trade carbon market; covers power, industry, aviation, and shipping across 27 member states.
The EU's cap-and-trade carbon market; covers power, industry, aviation, and shipping across 27 member states.
EU Regulation 2024/1028EU law mandating STR host registration and monthly data sharing; applied from 20 May 2026 with fragmented member-state compliance.
EU law mandating STR host registration and monthly data sharing; applied from 20 May 2026 with fragmented member-state compliance.
EU Regulation 833/2014EU's foundational Russia sanctions law; also bars European refiners from buying Iranian crude.
EU's foundational Russia sanctions law; also bars European refiners from buying Iranian crude.
Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas Markets PackageEU regulatory package governing hydrogen, biomethane and decarbonised gas market design.
EU regulatory package governing hydrogen, biomethane and decarbonised gas market design.
NIS2EU Directive 2022/2555 mandating cybersecurity obligations across essential and important entities in 18 sectors.
EU Directive 2022/2555 mandating cybersecurity obligations across essential and important entities in 18 sectors.
REMITEU wholesale energy market integrity regulation; ACER cross-border enforcement powers activate H2 2026.
EU wholesale energy market integrity regulation; ACER cross-border enforcement powers activate H2 2026.Services Directive 2006/123/ECEU services law whose Court of Justice Cali Apartments ruling restricts how cities can limit short-term rentals.
EU services law whose Court of Justice Cali Apartments ruling restricts how cities can limit short-term rentals.
Tech Sovereignty PackageEU Commission bundle of CAIDA and Chips Act II; slipped three consecutive times, now tentatively set for 3 June 2026.
EU Commission bundle of CAIDA and Chips Act II; slipped three consecutive times, now tentatively set for 3 June 2026.Concepts
15
Achmea2018 CJEU ruling holding intra-EU bilateral investment treaty arbitration incompatible with EU law.
2018 CJEU ruling holding intra-EU bilateral investment treaty arbitration incompatible with EU law.
AI GigafactoriesEU's large-scale AI compute facilities; €4.12bn funding call for July 2026, majority-European ownership required.
EU's large-scale AI compute facilities; €4.12bn funding call for July 2026, majority-European ownership required.
Annex IIIEU AI Act schedule listing high-risk AI systems, including those used in employment screening and management decisions.
EU AI Act schedule listing high-risk AI systems, including those used in employment screening and management decisions.
Digital EuroECB eurozone retail CBDC; ECON approved the legal framework 43-14 June 2026; trilogue next.
ECB eurozone retail CBDC; ECON approved the legal framework 43-14 June 2026; trilogue next.
ENISA NCAF 2.0ENISA's structured tool for scoring EU member-state national cybersecurity capability maturity under NIS2.
ENISA's structured tool for scoring EU member-state national cybersecurity capability maturity under NIS2.European Affordable Housing ActPlanned Q4 2026 EU legislative proposal to introduce binding short-term rental quantity caps across member states.
Planned Q4 2026 EU legislative proposal to introduce binding short-term rental quantity caps across member states.European Affordable Housing PlanEuropean Commission plan published 16 December 2025 committing to phase-two STR caps proposal by Q4 2026.
European Commission plan published 16 December 2025 committing to phase-two STR caps proposal by Q4 2026.
European Diesel CrackThe spread between ICE Gasoil futures and Brent crude, the margin European refiners earn turning crude into diesel.
The spread between ICE Gasoil futures and Brent crude, the margin European refiners earn turning crude into diesel.
InvestAIEU's €200bn AI investment mobilisation; funds AI Gigafactories via EuroHPC JU and the EIB Group.
EU's €200bn AI investment mobilisation; funds AI Gigafactories via EuroHPC JU and the EIB Group.
Komstroy2021 CJEU ruling extending Achmea's reasoning to Energy Charter Treaty intra-EU arbitration.
2021 CJEU ruling extending Achmea's reasoning to Energy Charter Treaty intra-EU arbitration.
NIS360NIS360 is ENISA's annual report assessing the cybersecurity maturity and risk exposure of sectors covered by the NIS2 Directive, flagging sectors where criticality outpaces assessed security capability.
NIS360 is ENISA's annual report assessing the cybersecurity maturity and risk exposure of sectors covered by the NIS2 Directive, flagging sectors where criticality outpaces assessed security capability.
Operation SaffronEuropol-coordinated May 2026 law enforcement operation that seized 33 servers behind the criminal VPN First VPN.
Europol-coordinated May 2026 law enforcement operation that seized 33 servers behind the criminal VPN First VPN.
PontesECB distributed-ledger technology settlement solution for the digital euro; scheduled to launch Q3 2026.
ECB distributed-ledger technology settlement solution for the digital euro; scheduled to launch Q3 2026.
REPowerEUEU 2022 plan to phase out Russian fossil fuel imports by 2027; gas import ban under review at Madrid Forum.
EU 2022 plan to phase out Russian fossil fuel imports by 2027; gas import ban under review at Madrid Forum.Sovereign Tech FundOpenForum Europe €350m proposal for an EU-level sovereign open-source funding instrument.
OpenForum Europe €350m proposal for an EU-level sovereign open-source funding instrument.
